FSSD: Feature Fusion Single Shot Multibox Detector
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Abstract (arXiv)
SSD (Single Shot Multibox Detector) is one of the best object detection algorithms with both high accuracy and fast speed. However, SSD's feature pyramid detection method makes it hard to fuse the features from different scales. In this paper, we proposed FSSD (Feature Fusion Single Shot Multibox Detector), an enhanced SSD with a novel and lightweight feature fusion module which can improve the performance significantly over SSD with just a little speed drop. In the feature fusion module, features from different layers with different scales are concatenated together, followed by some down-sampling blocks to generate new feature pyramid, which will be fed to multibox detectors to predict the final detection results. On the Pascal VOC 2007 test, our network can achieve 82.7 mAP (mean average precision) at the speed of 65.8 FPS (frame per second) with the input size 300×300 using a single Nvidia 1080Ti GPU. In addition, our result on COCO is also better than the conventional SSD with a large margin. Our FSSD outperforms a lot of state-of-the-art object detection algorithms in both aspects of accuracy and speed. Code is available at https://github.com/lzx1413/CAFFESSD/tree/fssd.
Key facts. Cited by 43 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 4 Dec 2017.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 15; 2022: 5; 2023: 7; 2024: 7; 2025: 6; 2026: 3.
43 papers.
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- 2021FAIR1M: A Benchmark Dataset for Fine-grained Object Recognition in High-Resolution Remote Sensing Imagerycited by 143
- 2021Dynamic Slimmable Networkcited by 83
- 2022NeRF-RPN: A general framework for object detection in NeRFscited by 46
- 2022BigDetection: A Large-scale Benchmark for Improved Object Detector Pre-trainingcited by 33
- 2023FGAHOI: Fine-Grained Anchors for Human-Object Interaction Detectioncited by 30
- 2021Smart at what cost? Characterising Mobile Deep Neural Networks in the wildcited by 25
- 2022Towards Unbiased Multi-label Zero-Shot Learning with Pyramid and Semantic Attentioncited by 21
- 2023Asynchronous Trajectory Matching-Based Multimodal Maritime Data Fusion for Vessel Traffic Surveillance in Inland Waterwayscited by 13
- 2021A State-of-the-art Survey of Object Detection Techniques in Microorganism Image Analysis: From Classical Methods to Deep Learning Approachescited by 12
- 2021AirDet: Few-Shot Detection without Fine-tuning for Autonomous Explorationcited by 12
- 2023Dynamic Enhancement Network for Partial Multi-modality Person Re-identificationcited by 10
- 2024AirShot: Efficient Few-Shot Detection for Autonomous Explorationcited by 10
31 more
- 2024AO-DETR: Anti-Overlapping DETR for X-Ray Prohibited Items Detectioncited by 9
- 2021A Comprehensive Approach for UAV Small Object Detection with Simulation-based Transfer Learning and Adaptive Fusioncited by 7
- 2024Enhanced Self-Checkout System for Retail Based on Improved YOLOv10cited by 7
- 2021DS-Net++: Dynamic Weight Slicing for Efficient Inference in CNNs and Transformerscited by 6
- 2021Deep Joint Source-Channel Coding for Multi-Task Networkcited by 5
- 2025Rethinking Features-Fused-Pyramid-Neck for Object Detectioncited by 5
- 2022Robust Environment Perception for Automated Driving: A Unified Learning Pipeline for Visual-Infrared Object Detectioncited by 4
- 2024Edge AI-Enabled Chicken Health Detection Based on Enhanced FCOS-Lite and Knowledge Distillationcited by 4
- 2023Attacking Important Pixels for Anchor-free Detectorscited by 3
- 2023Revisiting Table Detection Datasets for Visually Rich Documentscited by 3
- 2021Small Object Detection Based on Modified FSSD and Model Compressioncited by 2
- 2021FFAVOD: Feature Fusion Architecture for Video Object Detectioncited by 2
- 2024DiReDi: Distillation and Reverse Distillation for AIoT Applicationscited by 2
- 2025Comparative Analysis of YOLOv5, Faster R-CNN, SSD, and RetinaNet for Motorbike Detection in Kigali Autonomous Driving Contextcited by 2
- 2021Detecting Small Objects in Thermal Images Using Single-Shot Detectorcited by 1
- 2023Deep Learning-Based Object Detection in Maritime Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Imagery: Review and Experimental Comparisonscited by 1
- 2024FMRFT: Fusion Mamba and DETR for Query Time Sequence Intersection Fish Trackingcited by 1
- 2025Improve Underwater Object Detection through YOLOv12 Architecture and Physics-informed Augmentationcited by 1
- 2025DOD-SA: Infrared-Visible Decoupled Object Detection with Single-Modality Annotationscited by 1
- 2021A DCNN-based Arbitrarily-Oriented Object Detector for Quality Control and Inspection Applicationcited by 0
- 2021Control Distance IoU and Control Distance IoU Loss Function for Better Bounding Box Regressioncited by 0
- 2021HR-RCNN: Hierarchical Relational Reasoning for Object Detectioncited by 0
- 2021Progressive Multi-stage Interactive Training in Mobile Network for Fine-grained Recognitioncited by 0
- 2022Recent Trends in 2D Object Detection and Applications in Video Event Recognitioncited by 0
- 2023A Lightweight Domain Adversarial Neural Network Based on Knowledge Distillation for EEG-based Cross-subject Emotion Recognitioncited by 0
- 2024A drone detector with modified backbone and multiple pyramid featuremaps enhancement structure (MDDPE)cited by 0
- 2025Brain Tumor Identification using Improved YOLOv8cited by 0
- 2025CORE-ReID V2: Advancing the Domain Adaptation for Object Re-Identification with Optimized Training and Ensemble Fusioncited by 0
- 2026Are Candidate Models Really Needed for Active Learning?cited by 0
- 2026Balancing Uncertainty and Diversity of Samples: Leveraging Diversity of Least, High Confidence Samples for Effective Active Learningcited by 0
- 2026LEVIRDet: A Million-Scale 159-Category Dataset and Foundation Model for Universal Remote Sensing Object Detectioncited by 0
- 2026LEVIRDet: A Million-Scale 159-Category Dataset and Foundation Model for Universal Remote Sensing Object Detection24 Jun 2026
- 2026Balancing Uncertainty and Diversity of Samples: Leveraging Diversity of Least, High Confidence Samples for Effective Active Learning21 May 2026
- 2026Are Candidate Models Really Needed for Active Learning?14 May 2026
- 2025Comparative Analysis of YOLOv5, Faster R-CNN, SSD, and RetinaNet for Motorbike Detection in Kigali Autonomous Driving Context6 Oct 2025
- 2025DOD-SA: Infrared-Visible Decoupled Object Detection with Single-Modality Annotations14 Aug 2025
- 2025CORE-ReID V2: Advancing the Domain Adaptation for Object Re-Identification with Optimized Training and Ensemble Fusion6 Aug 2025
- 2025Improve Underwater Object Detection through YOLOv12 Architecture and Physics-informed Augmentation30 Jun 2025
- 2025Rethinking Features-Fused-Pyramid-Neck for Object Detection19 May 2025
- 2025Brain Tumor Identification using Improved YOLOv86 Feb 2025
- 2024DiReDi: Distillation and Reverse Distillation for AIoT Applications12 Sep 2024
- 2024FMRFT: Fusion Mamba and DETR for Query Time Sequence Intersection Fish Tracking2 Sep 2024
- 2024Enhanced Self-Checkout System for Retail Based on Improved YOLOv1031 Jul 2024
31 more
- 2024Edge AI-Enabled Chicken Health Detection Based on Enhanced FCOS-Lite and Knowledge Distillation3 Jul 2024
- 2024A drone detector with modified backbone and multiple pyramid featuremaps enhancement structure (MDDPE)5 May 2024
- 2024AirShot: Efficient Few-Shot Detection for Autonomous Exploration7 Apr 2024
- 2024AO-DETR: Anti-Overlapping DETR for X-Ray Prohibited Items Detection7 Mar 2024
- 2023Deep Learning-Based Object Detection in Maritime Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Imagery: Review and Experimental Comparisons14 Nov 2023
- 2023Dynamic Enhancement Network for Partial Multi-modality Person Re-identification25 May 2023
- 2023A Lightweight Domain Adversarial Neural Network Based on Knowledge Distillation for EEG-based Cross-subject Emotion Recognition12 May 2023
- 2023Revisiting Table Detection Datasets for Visually Rich Documents4 May 2023
- 2023Asynchronous Trajectory Matching-Based Multimodal Maritime Data Fusion for Vessel Traffic Surveillance in Inland Waterways22 Feb 2023
- 2023Attacking Important Pixels for Anchor-free Detectors26 Jan 2023
- 2023FGAHOI: Fine-Grained Anchors for Human-Object Interaction Detection8 Jan 2023
- 2022NeRF-RPN: A general framework for object detection in NeRFs21 Nov 2022
- 2022Robust Environment Perception for Automated Driving: A Unified Learning Pipeline for Visual-Infrared Object Detection8 Jun 2022
- 2022BigDetection: A Large-scale Benchmark for Improved Object Detector Pre-training24 Mar 2022
- 2022Towards Unbiased Multi-label Zero-Shot Learning with Pyramid and Semantic Attention7 Mar 2022
- 2022Recent Trends in 2D Object Detection and Applications in Video Event Recognition7 Feb 2022
- 2021Progressive Multi-stage Interactive Training in Mobile Network for Fine-grained Recognition8 Dec 2021
- 2021AirDet: Few-Shot Detection without Fine-tuning for Autonomous Exploration3 Dec 2021
- 2021HR-RCNN: Hierarchical Relational Reasoning for Object Detection26 Oct 2021
- 2021Smart at what cost? Characterising Mobile Deep Neural Networks in the wild28 Sep 2021
- 2021DS-Net++: Dynamic Weight Slicing for Efficient Inference in CNNs and Transformers21 Sep 2021
- 2021FFAVOD: Feature Fusion Architecture for Video Object Detection15 Sep 2021
- 2021Deep Joint Source-Channel Coding for Multi-Task Network13 Sep 2021
- 2021A Comprehensive Approach for UAV Small Object Detection with Simulation-based Transfer Learning and Adaptive Fusion4 Sep 2021
- 2021Detecting Small Objects in Thermal Images Using Single-Shot Detector25 Aug 2021
- 2021Small Object Detection Based on Modified FSSD and Model Compression24 Aug 2021
- 2021A State-of-the-art Survey of Object Detection Techniques in Microorganism Image Analysis: From Classical Methods to Deep Learning Approaches7 May 2021
- 2021Dynamic Slimmable Network24 Mar 2021
- 2021Control Distance IoU and Control Distance IoU Loss Function for Better Bounding Box Regression22 Mar 2021
- 2021FAIR1M: A Benchmark Dataset for Fine-grained Object Recognition in High-Resolution Remote Sensing Imagery9 Mar 2021
- 2021A DCNN-based Arbitrarily-Oriented Object Detector for Quality Control and Inspection Application19 Jan 2021
- 2021FAIR1M: A Benchmark Dataset for Fine-grained Object Recognition in High-Resolution Remote Sensing Imagerycited by 143
- 2021Dynamic Slimmable Networkcited by 83
- 2022NeRF-RPN: A general framework for object detection in NeRFscited by 46
- 2022BigDetection: A Large-scale Benchmark for Improved Object Detector Pre-trainingcited by 33
- 2023FGAHOI: Fine-Grained Anchors for Human-Object Interaction Detectioncited by 30
- 2021Smart at what cost? Characterising Mobile Deep Neural Networks in the wildcited by 25
- 2022Towards Unbiased Multi-label Zero-Shot Learning with Pyramid and Semantic Attentioncited by 21
- 2023Asynchronous Trajectory Matching-Based Multimodal Maritime Data Fusion for Vessel Traffic Surveillance in Inland Waterwayscited by 13
- 2021A State-of-the-art Survey of Object Detection Techniques in Microorganism Image Analysis: From Classical Methods to Deep Learning Approachescited by 12
- 2021AirDet: Few-Shot Detection without Fine-tuning for Autonomous Explorationcited by 12
- 2023Dynamic Enhancement Network for Partial Multi-modality Person Re-identificationcited by 10
- 2024AirShot: Efficient Few-Shot Detection for Autonomous Explorationcited by 10
12 most cited of 41 All 41 (JSON)
- 2026LEVIRDet: A Million-Scale 159-Category Dataset and Foundation Model for Universal Remote Sensing Object Detection24 Jun 2026
- 2026Balancing Uncertainty and Diversity of Samples: Leveraging Diversity of Least, High Confidence Samples for Effective Active Learning21 May 2026
- 2026Are Candidate Models Really Needed for Active Learning?14 May 2026
- 2025Comparative Analysis of YOLOv5, Faster R-CNN, SSD, and RetinaNet for Motorbike Detection in Kigali Autonomous Driving Context6 Oct 2025
- 2025DOD-SA: Infrared-Visible Decoupled Object Detection with Single-Modality Annotations14 Aug 2025
- 2025CORE-ReID V2: Advancing the Domain Adaptation for Object Re-Identification with Optimized Training and Ensemble Fusion6 Aug 2025
- 2025Improve Underwater Object Detection through YOLOv12 Architecture and Physics-informed Augmentation30 Jun 2025
- 2025Rethinking Features-Fused-Pyramid-Neck for Object Detection19 May 2025
- 2025Brain Tumor Identification using Improved YOLOv86 Feb 2025
- 2024DiReDi: Distillation and Reverse Distillation for AIoT Applications12 Sep 2024
- 2024Enhanced Self-Checkout System for Retail Based on Improved YOLOv1031 Jul 2024
- 2024Edge AI-Enabled Chicken Health Detection Based on Enhanced FCOS-Lite and Knowledge Distillation3 Jul 2024
12 newest of 41 All 41 (JSON)