Unsupervised Learning of Disentangled and Interpretable Representations from Sequential Data
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Abstract (arXiv)
We present a factorized hierarchical variational autoencoder, which learns disentangled and interpretable representations from sequential data without supervision. Specifically, we exploit the multi-scale nature of information in sequential data by formulating it explicitly within a factorized hierarchical graphical model that imposes sequence-dependent priors and sequence-independent priors to different sets of latent variables. The model is evaluated on two speech corpora to demonstrate, qualitatively, its ability to transform speakers or linguistic content by manipulating different sets of latent variables; and quantitatively, its ability to outperform an i-vector baseline for speaker verification and reduce the word error rate by as much as 35% in mismatched train/test scenarios for automatic speech recognition tasks.
Key facts. Cited by 93 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 22 Sep 2017.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 26; 2022: 23; 2023: 14; 2024: 18; 2025: 5; 2026: 7.
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- 2021HuBERT: Self-Supervised Speech Representation Learning by Masked Prediction of Hidden Unitscited by 2,342
- 2021WavLM: Large-Scale Self-Supervised Pre-Training for Full Stack Speech Processingcited by 1,657
- 2021Generative Spoken Language Modeling from Raw Audiocited by 340
- 2022From Anecdotal Evidence to Quantitative Evaluation Methods: A Systematic Review on Evaluating Explainable AIcited by 302
- 2022AudioGen: Textually Guided Audio Generationcited by 295
- 2022Self-Supervised Speech Representation Learning: A Reviewcited by 260
- 2021Speech Resynthesis from Discrete Disentangled Self-Supervised Representationscited by 243
- 2021Robust wav2vec 2.0: Analyzing Domain Shift in Self-Supervised Pre-Trainingcited by 151
- 2021Contrastively Disentangled Sequential Variational Autoencodercited by 34
- 2021An Image is Worth More Than a Thousand Words: Towards Disentanglement in the Wildcited by 30
- 2021Textless Speech Emotion Conversion using Discrete and Decomposed Representationscited by 29
- 2022Robust Disentangled Variational Speech Representation Learning for Zero-shot Voice Conversioncited by 28
38 more
- 2023Multifactor Sequential Disentanglement via Structured Koopman Autoencoderscited by 24
- 2021Disentangled Recurrent Wasserstein Autoencodercited by 22
- 2023Self-supervised Fine-tuning for Improved Content Representations by Speaker-invariant Clusteringcited by 22
- 2023Temporally Disentangled Representation Learning under Unknown Nonstationaritycited by 22
- 2022Decoupling Local and Global Representations of Time Seriescited by 17
- 2021Scaling-up Disentanglement for Image Translationcited by 15
- 20233D-Speaker: A Large-Scale Multi-Device, Multi-Distance, and Multi-Dialect Corpus for Speech Representation Disentanglementcited by 15
- 2022A Contrastive Objective for Learning Disentangled Representationscited by 14
- 2023Disentangling Voice and Content with Self-Supervision for Speaker Recognitioncited by 13
- 2024Modeling Inter-Intra Heterogeneity for Graph Federated Learningcited by 12
- 2021Uncertainty Estimation Using Riemannian Model Dynamics for Offline Reinforcement Learningcited by 10
- 2022Non-Contrastive Self-supervised Learning for Utterance-Level Information Extraction from Speechcited by 10
- 2023Sample and Predict Your Latent: Modality-free Sequential Disentanglement via Contrastive Estimationcited by 10
- 2022A Brief Overview of Unsupervised Neural Speech Representation Learningcited by 9
- 2021Many-to-Many Voice Conversion based Feature Disentanglement using Variational Autoencodercited by 7
- 2022Unsupervised TTS Acoustic Modeling for TTS with Conditional Disentangled Sequential VAEcited by 7
- 2022Losses Can Be Blessings: Routing Self-Supervised Speech Representations Towards Efficient Multilingual and Multitask Speech Processingcited by 7
- 2024Sequential Disentanglement by Extracting Static Information From A Single Sequence Elementcited by 7
- 2024Learning Physics for Unveiling Hidden Earthquake Ground Motions via Conditional Generative Modelingcited by 7
- 2021VDSM: Unsupervised Video Disentanglement with State-Space Modeling and Deep Mixtures of Expertscited by 6
- 2022Towards Robust Unsupervised Disentanglement of Sequential Data -- A Case Study Using Music Audiocited by 6
- 2024TrustEMG-Net: Using Representation-Masking Transformer with U-Net for Surface Electromyography Enhancementcited by 6
- 2021On Disentanglement in Gaussian Process Variational Autoencoderscited by 5
- 2021Protecting gender and identity with disentangled speech representationscited by 5
- 2021Hamiltonian latent operators for content and motion disentanglement in image sequencescited by 5
- 2022Learning Subject-Invariant Representations from Speech-Evoked EEG Using Variational Autoencoderscited by 5
- 2022From latent dynamics to meaningful representationscited by 5
- 2022TGAVC: Improving Autoencoder Voice Conversion with Text-Guided and Adversarial Trainingcited by 4
- 2023Learning Interpretable Low-dimensional Representation via Physical Symmetrycited by 4
- 2024VoxGenesis: Unsupervised Discovery of Latent Speaker Manifold for Speech Synthesiscited by 4
- 2024Disentangling Representations through Multi-task Learningcited by 4
- 2024Sequential Representation Learning via Static-Dynamic Conditional Disentanglementcited by 4
- 2024STAB: Speech Tokenizer Assessment Benchmarkcited by 4
- 2021Video Reenactment as Inductive Bias for Content-Motion Disentanglementcited by 3
- 2022Non-Contrastive Self-Supervised Learning of Utterance-Level Speech Representationscited by 3
- 2024DisMix: Disentangling Mixtures of Musical Instruments for Source-level Pitch and Timbre Manipulationcited by 3
- 2025Can Diffusion Models Disentangle? A Theoretical Perspectivecited by 3
- 2026FunCineForge: A Unified Dataset Toolkit and Model for Zero-Shot Movie Dubbing in Diverse Cinematic Scenescited by 3
50 most cited of 93 All 93 (JSON)
- 2026DEFT: Disentanglement-Enhanced Fine-Tuning for EEG Foundation Models10 Oct 2026
- 2026DTD-VAE: Disentangled Temporal Dependencies VAE for Credit Risk Prediction27 Aug 2026
- 2026Koopman Regularized Deep Speech Disentanglement for Speaker Verification5 Mar 2026
- 2026Residual Tokens Enhance Masked Autoencoders for Speech Modeling27 Jan 2026
- 2026FunCineForge: A Unified Dataset Toolkit and Model for Zero-Shot Movie Dubbing in Diverse Cinematic Scenes21 Jan 2026
- 2026SITA: Learning Speaker-Invariant and Tone-Aware Speech Representations for Low-Resource Tonal Languages14 Jan 2026
- 2026Variational decomposition autoencoding improves disentanglement of latent representations11 Jan 2026
- 2025Latent Space Factorization in LoRA22 Oct 2025
- 2025Disentanglement Beyond Static vs. Dynamic: A Benchmark and Evaluation Framework for Multi-Factor Sequential Representations20 Oct 2025
- 2025DiViD: Disentangled Video Diffusion for Static-Dynamic Factorization18 Jul 2025
- 2025Quasiparticle Interference Kernel Extraction with Variational Autoencoders via Latent Alignment5 Jun 2025
- 2025Can Diffusion Models Disentangle? A Theoretical Perspective31 Mar 2025
38 more
- 2024Modeling Inter-Intra Heterogeneity for Graph Federated Learning16 Dec 2024
- 2024Acoustic Model Optimization over Multiple Data Sources: Merging and Valuation21 Oct 2024
- 2024Unsupervised Representation Learning from Sparse Transformation Analysis7 Oct 2024
- 2024TrustEMG-Net: Using Representation-Masking Transformer with U-Net for Surface Electromyography Enhancement4 Oct 2024
- 2024Unified Framework with Consistency across Modalities for Human Activity Recognition4 Sep 2024
- 2024STAB: Speech Tokenizer Assessment Benchmark4 Sep 2024
- 2024Smooth InfoMax -- Towards Easier Post-Hoc Interpretability23 Aug 2024
- 2024DisMix: Disentangling Mixtures of Musical Instruments for Source-level Pitch and Timbre Manipulation20 Aug 2024
- 2024Rethinking Disentanglement under Dependent Factors of Variation13 Aug 2024
- 2024Sequential Representation Learning via Static-Dynamic Conditional Disentanglement10 Aug 2024
- 2024The Interpretability of Codebooks in Model-Based Reinforcement Learning is Limited28 Jul 2024
- 2024Learning Physics for Unveiling Hidden Earthquake Ground Motions via Conditional Generative Modeling21 Jul 2024
- 2024Semi-Supervised Generative Models for Disease Trajectories: A Case Study on Systemic Sclerosis16 Jul 2024
- 2024Disentangling Representations through Multi-task Learning15 Jul 2024
- 2024Unsupervised Disentanglement of Content and Style via Variance-Invariance Constraints4 Jul 2024
- 2024Towards the Next Frontier in Speech Representation Learning Using Disentanglement2 Jul 2024
- 2024Sequential Disentanglement by Extracting Static Information From A Single Sequence Element26 Jun 2024
- 2024VoxGenesis: Unsupervised Discovery of Latent Speaker Manifold for Speech Synthesis1 Mar 2024
- 2023Modeling Complex Disease Trajectories using Deep Generative Models with Semi-Supervised Latent Processes14 Nov 2023
- 2023Temporally Disentangled Representation Learning under Unknown Nonstationarity28 Oct 2023
- 2023Interpretable Spectral Variational AutoEncoder (ISVAE) for time series clustering18 Oct 2023
- 2023Disentangling Voice and Content with Self-Supervision for Speaker Recognition2 Oct 2023
- 2023Cross-Utterance Conditioned VAE for Speech Generation8 Sep 2023
- 2023Inducing Causal Structure for Abstractive Text Summarization24 Aug 2023
- 20233D-Speaker: A Large-Scale Multi-Device, Multi-Distance, and Multi-Dialect Corpus for Speech Representation Disentanglement27 Jun 2023
- 2023Improved Cross-Lingual Transfer Learning For Automatic Speech Translation1 Jun 2023
- 2023Sample and Predict Your Latent: Modality-free Sequential Disentanglement via Contrastive Estimation25 May 2023
- 2023Self-supervised Fine-tuning for Improved Content Representations by Speaker-invariant Clustering18 May 2023
- 2023Multifactor Sequential Disentanglement via Structured Koopman Autoencoders30 Mar 2023
- 2023Controllable Prosody Generation With Partial Inputs14 Mar 2023
- 2023Speech Modeling with a Hierarchical Transformer Dynamical VAE7 Mar 2023
- 2023Learning Interpretable Low-dimensional Representation via Physical Symmetry5 Feb 2023
- 2022Improved disentangled speech representations using contrastive learning in factorized hierarchical variational autoencoder15 Nov 2022
- 2022Losses Can Be Blessings: Routing Self-Supervised Speech Representations Towards Efficient Multilingual and Multitask Speech Processing2 Nov 2022
- 2022Learning Invariant Representation and Risk Minimized for Unsupervised Accent Domain Adaptation15 Oct 2022
- 2022Multi-Task Dynamical Systems8 Oct 2022
- 2022AudioGen: Textually Guided Audio Generation30 Sep 2022
- 2022From latent dynamics to meaningful representations2 Sep 2022
50 newest of 93 All 93 (JSON)
- 2024Disentangling Representations through Multi-task Learning15 Jul 2024
- 2021HuBERT: Self-Supervised Speech Representation Learning by Masked Prediction of Hidden Unitscited by 2,342
- 2021WavLM: Large-Scale Self-Supervised Pre-Training for Full Stack Speech Processingcited by 1,657
- 2021Generative Spoken Language Modeling from Raw Audiocited by 340
- 2022From Anecdotal Evidence to Quantitative Evaluation Methods: A Systematic Review on Evaluating Explainable AIcited by 302
- 2022AudioGen: Textually Guided Audio Generationcited by 295
- 2022Self-Supervised Speech Representation Learning: A Reviewcited by 260
- 2021Speech Resynthesis from Discrete Disentangled Self-Supervised Representationscited by 243
- 2021Robust wav2vec 2.0: Analyzing Domain Shift in Self-Supervised Pre-Trainingcited by 151
- 2021Contrastively Disentangled Sequential Variational Autoencodercited by 34
- 2021An Image is Worth More Than a Thousand Words: Towards Disentanglement in the Wildcited by 30
- 2021Textless Speech Emotion Conversion using Discrete and Decomposed Representationscited by 29
- 2022Robust Disentangled Variational Speech Representation Learning for Zero-shot Voice Conversioncited by 28
12 most cited of 86 All 86 (JSON)
- 2026DEFT: Disentanglement-Enhanced Fine-Tuning for EEG Foundation Models10 Oct 2026
- 2026DTD-VAE: Disentangled Temporal Dependencies VAE for Credit Risk Prediction27 Aug 2026
- 2026Koopman Regularized Deep Speech Disentanglement for Speaker Verification5 Mar 2026
- 2026Residual Tokens Enhance Masked Autoencoders for Speech Modeling27 Jan 2026
- 2026FunCineForge: A Unified Dataset Toolkit and Model for Zero-Shot Movie Dubbing in Diverse Cinematic Scenes21 Jan 2026
- 2026SITA: Learning Speaker-Invariant and Tone-Aware Speech Representations for Low-Resource Tonal Languages14 Jan 2026
- 2026Variational decomposition autoencoding improves disentanglement of latent representations11 Jan 2026
- 2025Latent Space Factorization in LoRA22 Oct 2025
- 2025Disentanglement Beyond Static vs. Dynamic: A Benchmark and Evaluation Framework for Multi-Factor Sequential Representations20 Oct 2025
- 2025Quasiparticle Interference Kernel Extraction with Variational Autoencoders via Latent Alignment5 Jun 2025
- 2024Modeling Inter-Intra Heterogeneity for Graph Federated Learning16 Dec 2024
- 2024Acoustic Model Optimization over Multiple Data Sources: Merging and Valuation21 Oct 2024
12 newest of 86 All 86 (JSON)