mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Generating Steganographic Text with LSTMs

arXiv 1705.10742 ↗First posted 30 May 2017cs.AI cs.CR cs.MMcited by 44

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Abstract (arXiv)

Motivated by concerns for user privacy, we design a steganographic system ("stegosystem") that enables two users to exchange encrypted messages without an adversary detecting that such an exchange is taking place. We propose a new linguistic stegosystem based on a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network. We demonstrate our approach on the Twitter and Enron email datasets and show that it yields high-quality steganographic text while significantly improving capacity (encrypted bits per word) relative to the state-of-the-art.

Key facts. Cited by 44 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 30 May 2017.

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 4; 2022: 4; 2023: 14; 2024: 13; 2025: 5; 2026: 4.

44 papers.

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  1. 2023A Watermark for Large Language Modelscited by 725
  2. 2023On the Reliability of Watermarks for Large Language Modelscited by 189
  3. 2023Unbiased Watermark for Large Language Modelscited by 111
  4. 2023Watermarks in the Sand: Impossibility of Strong Watermarking for Generative Modelscited by 87
  5. 2023Robust Multi-bit Natural Language Watermarking through Invariant Featurescited by 82
  6. 2023A Survey on Detection of LLMs-Generated Contentcited by 71
  7. 2023Advancing Beyond Identification: Multi-bit Watermark for Large Language Modelscited by 57
  8. 2024AI as Humanity's Salieri: Quantifying Linguistic Creativity of Language Models via Systematic Attribution of Machine Text against Web Textcited by 42
  9. 2023Smaller Language Models are Better Black-box Machine-Generated Text Detectorscited by 35
  10. 2021Provably Secure Generative Linguistic Steganographycited by 34
  11. 2021Frustratingly Easy Edit-based Linguistic Steganography with a Masked Language Modelcited by 30
  12. 2023Embarrassingly Simple Text Watermarkscited by 29
32 more
  1. 2024PostMark: A Robust Blackbox Watermark for Large Language Modelscited by 29
  2. 2023Watermarking LLMs with Weight Quantizationcited by 22
  3. 2025BiMark: Unbiased Multilayer Watermarking for Large Language Modelscited by 21
  4. 2023G3Detector: General GPT-Generated Text Detectorcited by 17
  5. 2023Downstream Trade-offs of a Family of Text Watermarkscited by 14
  6. 2024SoK: On the Role and Future of AIGC Watermarking in the Era of Gen-AIcited by 14
  7. 2024WAPITI: A Watermark for Finetuned Open-Source LLMscited by 12
  8. 2025TrojanStego: Your Language Model Can Secretly Be A Steganographic Privacy Leaking Agentcited by 9
  9. 2024A Survey on Responsible Generative AI: What to Generate and What Notcited by 8
  10. 2022Semantic-Preserving Linguistic Steganography by Pivot Translation and Semantic-Aware Bins Codingcited by 7
  11. 2022Addressing Segmentation Ambiguity in Neural Linguistic Steganographycited by 7
  12. 2021Exploiting Language Model for Efficient Linguistic Steganalysiscited by 6
  13. 2022Autoregressive Linguistic Steganography Based on BERT and Consistency Codingcited by 6
  14. 2024Cross-Attention Watermarking of Large Language Modelscited by 6
  15. 2024Provably Secure Disambiguating Neural Linguistic Steganographycited by 5
  16. 2024OD-Stega: LLM-Based Relatively Secure Steganography via Optimized Distributionscited by 5
  17. 2024Zero-shot Generative Linguistic Steganographycited by 4
  18. 2024SEFD: Semantic-Enhanced Framework for Detecting LLM-Generated Textcited by 4
  19. 2023UP4LS: User Profile Constructed by Multiple Attributes for Enhancing Linguistic Steganalysiscited by 3
  20. 2024Dynamically Allocated Interval-Based Generative Linguistic Steganography with Roulette Wheelcited by 3
  21. 2023Machine Learning Model Attribution Challengecited by 2
  22. 2024Pseudo-label Based Domain Adaptation for Zero-Shot Text Steganalysiscited by 2
  23. 2024State-of-the-art Advances of Deep-learning Linguistic Steganalysis Researchcited by 2
  24. 2025Provable Secure Steganography Based on Adaptive Dynamic Samplingcited by 2
  25. 2026Anchored Sliding Window: Toward Robust and Imperceptible Linguistic Steganographycited by 2
  26. 2022General Framework for Reversible Data Hiding in Texts Based on Masked Language Modelingcited by 1
  27. 2025A Content-Preserving Secure Linguistic Steganographycited by 1
  28. 2026Steganography Without Modification: Hidden Communication via LLM Seedscited by 1
  29. 2021Generating Watermarked Adversarial Textscited by 0
  30. 2025A Character-based Diffusion Embedding Algorithm for Enhancing the Generation Quality of Generative Linguistic Steganographic Textscited by 0
  31. 2026REED: Post-Training Representation Editing for Cross-Domain Linguistic Steganalysiscited by 0
  32. 2026A Comprehensive Survey on Linguistic Steganography: Methods, Countermeasures, Evaluation, and Challengescited by 0