Voice Conversion from Unaligned Corpora using Variational Autoencoding Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Networks
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Abstract (arXiv)
Building a voice conversion (VC) system from non-parallel speech corpora is challenging but highly valuable in real application scenarios. In most situations, the source and the target speakers do not repeat the same texts or they may even speak different languages. In this case, one possible, although indirect, solution is to build a generative model for speech. Generative models focus on explaining the observations with latent variables instead of learning a pairwise transformation function, thereby bypassing the requirement of speech frame alignment. In this paper, we propose a non-parallel VC framework with a variational autoencoding Wasserstein generative adversarial network (VAW-GAN) that explicitly considers a VC objective when building the speech model. Experimental results corroborate the capability of our framework for building a VC system from unaligned data, and demonstrate improved conversion quality.
Key facts. Cited by 38 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 4 Apr 2017.
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Citing papers per year: 2019: 1; 2020: 0; 2021: 16; 2022: 7; 2023: 6; 2024: 1; 2025: 6; 2026: 1.
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- 2021Emotional Voice Conversion: Theory, Databases and ESDcited by 115
- 2021Deepfakes Generation and Detection: State-of-the-art, open challenges, countermeasures, and way forwardcited by 82
- 2021VQMIVC: Vector Quantization and Mutual Information-Based Unsupervised Speech Representation Disentanglement for One-shot Voice Conversioncited by 64
- 2024A Large-Scale Evaluation of Speech Foundation Modelscited by 40
- 2021MaskCycleGAN-VC: Learning Non-parallel Voice Conversion with Filling in Framescited by 18
- 2022Personalized Adversarial Data Augmentation for Dysarthric and Elderly Speech Recognitioncited by 16
- 2023The Age of Synthetic Realities: Challenges and Opportunitiescited by 15
- 2021Non-Autoregressive TTS with Explicit Duration Modelling for Low-Resource Highly Expressive Speechcited by 14
- 2022Speech Representation Disentanglement with Adversarial Mutual Information Learning for One-shot Voice Conversioncited by 14
- 2022Disentangleing Content and Fine-grained Prosody Information via Hybrid ASR Bottleneck Features for Voice Conversioncited by 10
- 2021Hierarchical disentangled representation learning for singing voice conversioncited by 9
- 2021NVC-Net: End-to-End Adversarial Voice Conversioncited by 9
26 more
- 2022A Comparative Study of Self-supervised Speech Representation Based Voice Conversioncited by 9
- 2021A Preliminary Study of a Two-Stage Paradigm for Preserving Speaker Identity in Dysarthric Voice Conversioncited by 6
- 2021Global Rhythm Style Transfer Without Text Transcriptionscited by 6
- 2023Towards General-Purpose Text-Instruction-Guided Voice Conversioncited by 6
- 2021NoiseVC: Towards High Quality Zero-Shot Voice Conversioncited by 4
- 2021SVSNet: An End-to-end Speaker Voice Similarity Assessment Modelcited by 4
- 2022Federated Split GANscited by 4
- 2023Catch You and I Can: Revealing Source Voiceprint Against Voice Conversioncited by 4
- 2023Robust Audio Anti-Spoofing with Fusion-Reconstruction Learning on Multi-Order Spectrogramscited by 4
- 2021Conditional Deep Hierarchical Variational Autoencoder for Voice Conversioncited by 2
- 2025Generative Adversarial Network based Voice Conversion: Techniques, Challenges, and Recent Advancementscited by 2
- 2025Vocoder-Projected Feature Discriminatorcited by 2
- 2025LatentVoiceGrad: Nonparallel Voice Conversion with Latent Diffusion/Flow-Matching Modelscited by 2
- 2025NaturalVoices: A Large-Scale, Spontaneous and Emotional Podcast Dataset for Voice Conversioncited by 2
- 2021StarGAN-VC+ASR: StarGAN-based Non-Parallel Voice Conversion Regularized by Automatic Speech Recognitioncited by 1
- 2021Training Generative Adversarial Networks with Adaptive Composite Gradientcited by 1
- 2022Enhancing Zero-Shot Many to Many Voice Conversion with Self-Attention VAEcited by 1
- 2023A Comparative Analysis Of Latent Regressor Losses For Singing Voice Conversioncited by 1
- 2025AudioRole: An Audio Dataset for Character Role-Playing in Large Language Modelscited by 1
- 2019MoEVC: A Mixture-of-experts Voice Conversion System with Sparse Gating Mechanism for Accelerating Online Computationcited by 0
- 2021Preliminary study on using vector quantization latent spaces for TTS/VC systems with consistent performancecited by 0
- 2021CycleFlow: Purify Information Factors by Cycle Losscited by 0
- 2022DisC-VC: Disentangled and F0-Controllable Neural Voice Conversioncited by 0
- 2023IoTFlowGenerator: Crafting Synthetic IoT Device Traffic Flows for Cyber Deceptioncited by 0
- 2025Voice Conversion with Diverse Intonation using Conditional Variational Auto-Encodercited by 0
- 2026MeanVoiceFlow2: Joint Optimization of Mean Flow and Content Encoder for Fast One-Step Zero-Shot Voice Conversioncited by 0
- 2026MeanVoiceFlow2: Joint Optimization of Mean Flow and Content Encoder for Fast One-Step Zero-Shot Voice Conversion30 Sep 2026
- 2025NaturalVoices: A Large-Scale, Spontaneous and Emotional Podcast Dataset for Voice Conversion31 Oct 2025
- 2025AudioRole: An Audio Dataset for Character Role-Playing in Large Language Models27 Sep 2025
- 2025LatentVoiceGrad: Nonparallel Voice Conversion with Latent Diffusion/Flow-Matching Models10 Sep 2025
- 2025Vocoder-Projected Feature Discriminator25 Aug 2025
- 2025Generative Adversarial Network based Voice Conversion: Techniques, Challenges, and Recent Advancements27 Apr 2025
- 2025Voice Conversion with Diverse Intonation using Conditional Variational Auto-Encoder16 Apr 2025
- 2024A Large-Scale Evaluation of Speech Foundation Models15 Apr 2024
- 2023Towards General-Purpose Text-Instruction-Guided Voice Conversion25 Sep 2023
- 2023Robust Audio Anti-Spoofing with Fusion-Reconstruction Learning on Multi-Order Spectrograms18 Aug 2023
- 2023The Age of Synthetic Realities: Challenges and Opportunities9 Jun 2023
- 2023IoTFlowGenerator: Crafting Synthetic IoT Device Traffic Flows for Cyber Deception1 May 2023
26 more
- 2023A Comparative Analysis Of Latent Regressor Losses For Singing Voice Conversion27 Feb 2023
- 2023Catch You and I Can: Revealing Source Voiceprint Against Voice Conversion24 Feb 2023
- 2022DisC-VC: Disentangled and F0-Controllable Neural Voice Conversion20 Oct 2022
- 2022Speech Representation Disentanglement with Adversarial Mutual Information Learning for One-shot Voice Conversion18 Aug 2022
- 2022A Comparative Study of Self-supervised Speech Representation Based Voice Conversion10 Jul 2022
- 2022Federated Split GANs4 Jul 2022
- 2022Personalized Adversarial Data Augmentation for Dysarthric and Elderly Speech Recognition13 May 2022
- 2022Enhancing Zero-Shot Many to Many Voice Conversion with Self-Attention VAE30 Mar 2022
- 2022Disentangleing Content and Fine-grained Prosody Information via Hybrid ASR Bottleneck Features for Voice Conversion24 Mar 2022
- 2021Conditional Deep Hierarchical Variational Autoencoder for Voice Conversion6 Dec 2021
- 2021Training Generative Adversarial Networks with Adaptive Composite Gradient10 Nov 2021
- 2021CycleFlow: Purify Information Factors by Cycle Loss18 Oct 2021
- 2021StarGAN-VC+ASR: StarGAN-based Non-Parallel Voice Conversion Regularized by Automatic Speech Recognition10 Aug 2021
- 2021SVSNet: An End-to-end Speaker Voice Similarity Assessment Model20 Jul 2021
- 2021Preliminary study on using vector quantization latent spaces for TTS/VC systems with consistent performance25 Jun 2021
- 2021Non-Autoregressive TTS with Explicit Duration Modelling for Low-Resource Highly Expressive Speech24 Jun 2021
- 2021VQMIVC: Vector Quantization and Mutual Information-Based Unsupervised Speech Representation Disentanglement for One-shot Voice Conversion18 Jun 2021
- 2021Global Rhythm Style Transfer Without Text Transcriptions16 Jun 2021
- 2021A Preliminary Study of a Two-Stage Paradigm for Preserving Speaker Identity in Dysarthric Voice Conversion2 Jun 2021
- 2021NVC-Net: End-to-End Adversarial Voice Conversion2 Jun 2021
- 2021Emotional Voice Conversion: Theory, Databases and ESD31 May 2021
- 2021NoiseVC: Towards High Quality Zero-Shot Voice Conversion13 Apr 2021
- 2021Deepfakes Generation and Detection: State-of-the-art, open challenges, countermeasures, and way forward25 Feb 2021
- 2021MaskCycleGAN-VC: Learning Non-parallel Voice Conversion with Filling in Frames25 Feb 2021
- 2021Hierarchical disentangled representation learning for singing voice conversion18 Jan 2021
- 2019MoEVC: A Mixture-of-experts Voice Conversion System with Sparse Gating Mechanism for Accelerating Online Computation27 Dec 2019
- 2021Emotional Voice Conversion: Theory, Databases and ESDcited by 115
- 2021Deepfakes Generation and Detection: State-of-the-art, open challenges, countermeasures, and way forwardcited by 82
- 2021VQMIVC: Vector Quantization and Mutual Information-Based Unsupervised Speech Representation Disentanglement for One-shot Voice Conversioncited by 64
- 2024A Large-Scale Evaluation of Speech Foundation Modelscited by 40
- 2021MaskCycleGAN-VC: Learning Non-parallel Voice Conversion with Filling in Framescited by 18
- 2022Personalized Adversarial Data Augmentation for Dysarthric and Elderly Speech Recognitioncited by 16
- 2023The Age of Synthetic Realities: Challenges and Opportunitiescited by 15
- 2021Non-Autoregressive TTS with Explicit Duration Modelling for Low-Resource Highly Expressive Speechcited by 14
- 2022Speech Representation Disentanglement with Adversarial Mutual Information Learning for One-shot Voice Conversioncited by 14
- 2022Disentangleing Content and Fine-grained Prosody Information via Hybrid ASR Bottleneck Features for Voice Conversioncited by 10
- 2021Hierarchical disentangled representation learning for singing voice conversioncited by 9
- 2021NVC-Net: End-to-End Adversarial Voice Conversioncited by 9
12 most cited of 35 All 35 (JSON)
- 2025NaturalVoices: A Large-Scale, Spontaneous and Emotional Podcast Dataset for Voice Conversion31 Oct 2025
- 2025AudioRole: An Audio Dataset for Character Role-Playing in Large Language Models27 Sep 2025
- 2025Vocoder-Projected Feature Discriminator25 Aug 2025
- 2025Generative Adversarial Network based Voice Conversion: Techniques, Challenges, and Recent Advancements27 Apr 2025
- 2025Voice Conversion with Diverse Intonation using Conditional Variational Auto-Encoder16 Apr 2025
- 2024A Large-Scale Evaluation of Speech Foundation Models15 Apr 2024
- 2023Towards General-Purpose Text-Instruction-Guided Voice Conversion25 Sep 2023
- 2023Robust Audio Anti-Spoofing with Fusion-Reconstruction Learning on Multi-Order Spectrograms18 Aug 2023
- 2023The Age of Synthetic Realities: Challenges and Opportunities9 Jun 2023
- 2023IoTFlowGenerator: Crafting Synthetic IoT Device Traffic Flows for Cyber Deception1 May 2023
- 2023A Comparative Analysis Of Latent Regressor Losses For Singing Voice Conversion27 Feb 2023
- 2023Catch You and I Can: Revealing Source Voiceprint Against Voice Conversion24 Feb 2023
12 newest of 35 All 35 (JSON)