Synthesizing Normalized Faces from Facial Identity Features
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Abstract (arXiv)
We present a method for synthesizing a frontal, neutral-expression image of a person's face given an input face photograph. This is achieved by learning to generate facial landmarks and textures from features extracted from a facial-recognition network. Unlike previous approaches, our encoding feature vector is largely invariant to lighting, pose, and facial expression. Exploiting this invariance, we train our decoder network using only frontal, neutral-expression photographs. Since these photographs are well aligned, we can decompose them into a sparse set of landmark points and aligned texture maps. The decoder then predicts landmarks and textures independently and combines them using a differentiable image warping operation. The resulting images can be used for a number of applications, such as analyzing facial attributes, exposure and white balance adjustment, or creating a 3-D avatar.
Key facts. Cited by 33 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 17 Jan 2017.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 10; 2022: 6; 2023: 8; 2024: 5; 2025: 1; 2026: 3.
33 papers.
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- 2022EAMM: One-Shot Emotional Talking Face via Audio-Based Emotion-Aware Motion Modelcited by 151
- 2021AvatarMe++: Facial Shape and BRDF Inference with Photorealistic Rendering-Aware GANscited by 49
- 2023Learning Disentangled Avatars with Hybrid 3D Representationscited by 44
- 2022FFHQ-UV: Normalized Facial UV-Texture Dataset for 3D Face Reconstructioncited by 39
- 2021Normalized Avatar Synthesis Using StyleGAN and Perceptual Refinementcited by 36
- 2021Fast-GANFIT: Generative Adversarial Network for High Fidelity 3D Face Reconstructioncited by 33
- 2023Privacy-preserving Adversarial Facial Featurescited by 24
- 2023Controllable Inversion of Black-Box Face Recognition Models via Diffusioncited by 22
- 2021Towards Protecting Face Embeddings in Mobile Face Verification Scenarioscited by 14
- 2021A cappella: Audio-visual Singing Voice Separationcited by 12
- 2021Biometric Template Protection for Neural-Network-based Face Recognition Systems: A Survey of Methods and Evaluation Techniquescited by 11
- 2021Tackling Dynamics in Federated Incremental Learning with Variational Embedding Rehearsalcited by 11
21 more
- 2022BareSkinNet: De-makeup and De-lighting via 3D Face Reconstructioncited by 10
- 2024Face Reconstruction from Face Embeddings using Adapter to a Face Foundation Modelcited by 9
- 2024SlerpFace: Face Template Protection via Spherical Linear Interpolationcited by 8
- 2023DisCO: Portrait Distortion Correction with Perspective-Aware 3D GANscited by 6
- 2024Generalizable Face Landmarking Guided by Conditional Face Warpingcited by 6
- 2022Vec2Face-v2: Unveil Human Faces from their Blackbox Features via Attention-based Network in Face Recognitioncited by 4
- 2025CLIP-FTI: Fine-Grained Face Template Inversion via CLIP-Driven Attribute Conditioningcited by 4
- 2023A Survey on Deep Multi-modal Learning for Body Language Recognition and Generationcited by 3
- 2022Reconstruct Face from Features Using GAN Generator as a Distribution Constraintcited by 2
- 2024Privacy-Preserving Face Recognition in Hybrid Frequency-Color Domaincited by 2
- 2024Approximating Optimal Morphing Attacks using Template Inversioncited by 2
- 2022Fingerprint Template Invertibility: Minutiae vs. Deep Templatescited by 1
- 2023ID2image: Leakage of non-ID information into face descriptors and inversion from descriptors to imagescited by 1
- 2026A Deeper Dive into the Irreversibility of PolyProtect: Making Protected Face Templates Harder to Invertcited by 1
- 2021Analysis and evaluation of Deep Learning based Super-Resolution algorithms to improve performance in Low-Resolution Face Recognitioncited by 0
- 2021Profile to Frontal Face Recognition in the Wild Using Coupled Conditional GANcited by 0
- 2021Non-Parametric Neural Style Transfercited by 0
- 2023AdvBiom: Adversarial Attacks on Biometric Matcherscited by 0
- 2023On the Adversarial Inversion of Deep Biometric Representationscited by 0
- 2026Neural Image Space Tessellation effectcited by 0
- 2026Is it Possible to Generate Irreversible PolyProtected Templates from Face Embeddings using System-Specific Keys?cited by 0
- 2026Is it Possible to Generate Irreversible PolyProtected Templates from Face Embeddings using System-Specific Keys?1 Oct 2026
- 2026A Deeper Dive into the Irreversibility of PolyProtect: Making Protected Face Templates Harder to Invert5 May 2026
- 2026Neural Image Space Tessellation effect27 Feb 2026
- 2025CLIP-FTI: Fine-Grained Face Template Inversion via CLIP-Driven Attribute Conditioning17 Dec 2025
- 2024Face Reconstruction from Face Embeddings using Adapter to a Face Foundation Model6 Nov 2024
- 2024SlerpFace: Face Template Protection via Spherical Linear Interpolation3 Jul 2024
- 2024Generalizable Face Landmarking Guided by Conditional Face Warping18 Apr 2024
- 2024Approximating Optimal Morphing Attacks using Template Inversion1 Feb 2024
- 2024Privacy-Preserving Face Recognition in Hybrid Frequency-Color Domain24 Jan 2024
- 2023Learning Disentangled Avatars with Hybrid 3D Representations12 Sep 2023
- 2023A Survey on Deep Multi-modal Learning for Body Language Recognition and Generation17 Aug 2023
- 2023Privacy-preserving Adversarial Facial Features8 May 2023
21 more
- 2023ID2image: Leakage of non-ID information into face descriptors and inversion from descriptors to images15 Apr 2023
- 2023On the Adversarial Inversion of Deep Biometric Representations12 Apr 2023
- 2023Controllable Inversion of Black-Box Face Recognition Models via Diffusion23 Mar 2023
- 2023DisCO: Portrait Distortion Correction with Perspective-Aware 3D GANs23 Feb 2023
- 2023AdvBiom: Adversarial Attacks on Biometric Matchers10 Jan 2023
- 2022FFHQ-UV: Normalized Facial UV-Texture Dataset for 3D Face Reconstruction25 Nov 2022
- 2022BareSkinNet: De-makeup and De-lighting via 3D Face Reconstruction19 Sep 2022
- 2022Vec2Face-v2: Unveil Human Faces from their Blackbox Features via Attention-based Network in Face Recognition11 Sep 2022
- 2022Reconstruct Face from Features Using GAN Generator as a Distribution Constraint9 Jun 2022
- 2022EAMM: One-Shot Emotional Talking Face via Audio-Based Emotion-Aware Motion Model30 May 2022
- 2022Fingerprint Template Invertibility: Minutiae vs. Deep Templates8 May 2022
- 2021AvatarMe++: Facial Shape and BRDF Inference with Photorealistic Rendering-Aware GANs11 Dec 2021
- 2021Tackling Dynamics in Federated Incremental Learning with Variational Embedding Rehearsal19 Oct 2021
- 2021Biometric Template Protection for Neural-Network-based Face Recognition Systems: A Survey of Methods and Evaluation Techniques11 Oct 2021
- 2021Towards Protecting Face Embeddings in Mobile Face Verification Scenarios1 Oct 2021
- 2021Non-Parametric Neural Style Transfer29 Aug 2021
- 2021Profile to Frontal Face Recognition in the Wild Using Coupled Conditional GAN29 Jul 2021
- 2021Normalized Avatar Synthesis Using StyleGAN and Perceptual Refinement21 Jun 2021
- 2021Fast-GANFIT: Generative Adversarial Network for High Fidelity 3D Face Reconstruction16 May 2021
- 2021A cappella: Audio-visual Singing Voice Separation20 Apr 2021
- 2021Analysis and evaluation of Deep Learning based Super-Resolution algorithms to improve performance in Low-Resolution Face Recognition19 Jan 2021
- 2022EAMM: One-Shot Emotional Talking Face via Audio-Based Emotion-Aware Motion Modelcited by 151
- 2021AvatarMe++: Facial Shape and BRDF Inference with Photorealistic Rendering-Aware GANscited by 49
- 2023Learning Disentangled Avatars with Hybrid 3D Representationscited by 44
- 2022FFHQ-UV: Normalized Facial UV-Texture Dataset for 3D Face Reconstructioncited by 39
- 2021Normalized Avatar Synthesis Using StyleGAN and Perceptual Refinementcited by 36
- 2021Fast-GANFIT: Generative Adversarial Network for High Fidelity 3D Face Reconstructioncited by 33
- 2023Privacy-preserving Adversarial Facial Featurescited by 24
- 2021Towards Protecting Face Embeddings in Mobile Face Verification Scenarioscited by 14
- 2021A cappella: Audio-visual Singing Voice Separationcited by 12
- 2021Biometric Template Protection for Neural-Network-based Face Recognition Systems: A Survey of Methods and Evaluation Techniquescited by 11
- 2021Tackling Dynamics in Federated Incremental Learning with Variational Embedding Rehearsalcited by 11
- 2022BareSkinNet: De-makeup and De-lighting via 3D Face Reconstructioncited by 10
12 most cited of 32 All 32 (JSON)
- 2026Is it Possible to Generate Irreversible PolyProtected Templates from Face Embeddings using System-Specific Keys?1 Oct 2026
- 2026A Deeper Dive into the Irreversibility of PolyProtect: Making Protected Face Templates Harder to Invert5 May 2026
- 2026Neural Image Space Tessellation effect27 Feb 2026
- 2025CLIP-FTI: Fine-Grained Face Template Inversion via CLIP-Driven Attribute Conditioning17 Dec 2025
- 2024Face Reconstruction from Face Embeddings using Adapter to a Face Foundation Model6 Nov 2024
- 2024SlerpFace: Face Template Protection via Spherical Linear Interpolation3 Jul 2024
- 2024Generalizable Face Landmarking Guided by Conditional Face Warping18 Apr 2024
- 2024Approximating Optimal Morphing Attacks using Template Inversion1 Feb 2024
- 2024Privacy-Preserving Face Recognition in Hybrid Frequency-Color Domain24 Jan 2024
- 2023Learning Disentangled Avatars with Hybrid 3D Representations12 Sep 2023
- 2023A Survey on Deep Multi-modal Learning for Body Language Recognition and Generation17 Aug 2023
- 2023Privacy-preserving Adversarial Facial Features8 May 2023
12 newest of 32 All 32 (JSON)