UMDFaces: An Annotated Face Dataset for Training Deep Networks
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Abstract (arXiv)
Recent progress in face detection (including keypoint detection), and recognition is mainly being driven by (i) deeper convolutional neural network architectures, and (ii) larger datasets. However, most of the large datasets are maintained by private companies and are not publicly available. The academic computer vision community needs larger and more varied datasets to make further progress. In this paper we introduce a new face dataset, called UMDFaces, which has 367,888 annotated faces of 8,277 subjects. We also introduce a new face recognition evaluation protocol which will help advance the state-of-the-art in this area. We discuss how a large dataset can be collected and annotated using human annotators and deep networks. We provide human curated bounding boxes for faces. We also provide estimated pose (roll, pitch and yaw), locations of twenty-one key-points and gender information generated by a pre-trained neural network. In addition, the quality of keypoint annotations has been verified by humans for about 115,000 images. Finally, we compare the quality of the dataset with other publicly available face datasets at similar scales.
Key facts. Cited by 42 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 4 Nov 2016.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 12; 2022: 7; 2023: 9; 2024: 6; 2025: 6; 2026: 2.
42 papers.
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- 2023Poisoning Web-Scale Training Datasets is Practicalcited by 276
- 2021WebFace260M: A Benchmark Unveiling the Power of Million-Scale Deep Face Recognitioncited by 221
- 2021LowKey: Leveraging Adversarial Attacks to Protect Social Media Users from Facial Recognitioncited by 92
- 2023IDiff-Face: Synthetic-based Face Recognition through Fizzy Identity-Conditioned Diffusion Modelscited by 72
- 2022WebFace260M: A Benchmark for Million-Scale Deep Face Recognitioncited by 41
- 2021PASS: Protected Attribute Suppression System for Mitigating Bias in Face Recognitioncited by 38
- 2023Synthetic Data for Face Recognition: Current State and Future Prospectscited by 38
- 2021Deep Learning-based Face Super-Resolution: A Surveycited by 32
- 2021Student Network Learning via Evolutionary Knowledge Distillationcited by 30
- 2022Synthetic Data in Human Analysis: A Surveycited by 28
- 2021Face.evoLVe: A High-Performance Face Recognition Librarycited by 26
- 2023FACE-AUDITOR: Data Auditing in Facial Recognition Systemscited by 15
30 more
- 2021An Efficient Training Approach for Very Large Scale Face Recognitioncited by 12
- 2021Masked Face Recognition Challenge: The WebFace260M Track Reportcited by 12
- 2024Representation Learning and Identity Adversarial Training for Facial Behavior Understandingcited by 12
- 2021Biometric Template Protection for Neural-Network-based Face Recognition Systems: A Survey of Methods and Evaluation Techniquescited by 11
- 2025Beyond Real Faces: Synthetic Datasets Can Achieve Reliable Recognition Performance without Privacy Compromisecited by 8
- 2021Distill and De-bias: Mitigating Bias in Face Verification using Knowledge Distillationcited by 6
- 2024Efficient Low-Resolution Face Recognition via Bridge Distillationcited by 5
- 2022A Brief Survey on Person Recognition at a Distancecited by 4
- 2024If It's Not Enough, Make It So: Reducing Authentic Data Demand in Face Recognition through Synthetic Facescited by 4
- 2024Look One and More: Distilling Hybrid Order Relational Knowledge for Cross-Resolution Image Recognitioncited by 4
- 2021DAIL: Dataset-Aware and Invariant Learning for Face Recognitioncited by 3
- 2021Prototype Memory for Large-scale Face Representation Learningcited by 3
- 2022A New Perspective for Understanding Generalization Gap of Deep Neural Networks Trained with Large Batch Sizescited by 3
- 2024The Impact of Balancing Real and Synthetic Data on Accuracy and Fairness in Face Recognitioncited by 3
- 2024Template-based Multi-Domain Face Recognitioncited by 3
- 2023WSD: Wild Selfie Dataset for Face Recognition in Selfie Imagescited by 2
- 2025DivTrackee versus DynTracker: Promoting Diversity in Anti-Facial Recognition against Dynamic FR Strategycited by 2
- 2025A Sample-Level Evaluation and Generative Framework for Model Inversion Attackscited by 2
- 2025GIF: Generative Inspiration for Face Recognition at Scalecited by 2
- 2025Object Recognition Datasets and Challenges: A Reviewcited by 2
- 2022The Influence of the Other-Race Effect on Susceptibility to Face Morphing Attackscited by 1
- 2022A Survey of Face Recognitioncited by 1
- 2023Tag-Based Annotation for Avatar Face Creationcited by 1
- 2023Effective Adapter for Face Recognition in the Wildcited by 1
- 2022Statistical Foundation Behind Machine Learning and Its Impact on Computer Visioncited by 0
- 2023Unveiling the frontiers of deep learning: innovations shaping diverse domainscited by 0
- 2023Multi-Task Faces (MTF) Data Set: A Legally and Ethically Compliant Collection of Face Images for Various Classification Taskscited by 0
- 2025DiffProb: Data Pruning for Face Recognitioncited by 0
- 2026Few-shot Class-Incremental Learning via Generative Co-Memory Regularizationcited by 0
- 2026FVeinSyn: Synthetic Finger Vein Image Generatorcited by 0
- 2026FVeinSyn: Synthetic Finger Vein Image Generator27 Aug 2026
- 2026Few-shot Class-Incremental Learning via Generative Co-Memory Regularization12 Jan 2026
- 2025Beyond Real Faces: Synthetic Datasets Can Achieve Reliable Recognition Performance without Privacy Compromise20 Oct 2025
- 2025Object Recognition Datasets and Challenges: A Review30 Jul 2025
- 2025DiffProb: Data Pruning for Face Recognition21 May 2025
- 2025GIF: Generative Inspiration for Face Recognition at Scale5 May 2025
- 2025A Sample-Level Evaluation and Generative Framework for Model Inversion Attacks26 Feb 2025
- 2025DivTrackee versus DynTracker: Promoting Diversity in Anti-Facial Recognition against Dynamic FR Strategy11 Jan 2025
- 2024Efficient Low-Resolution Face Recognition via Bridge Distillation18 Sep 2024
- 2024Template-based Multi-Domain Face Recognition15 Sep 2024
- 2024Look One and More: Distilling Hybrid Order Relational Knowledge for Cross-Resolution Image Recognition9 Sep 2024
- 2024The Impact of Balancing Real and Synthetic Data on Accuracy and Fairness in Face Recognition4 Sep 2024
30 more
- 2024Representation Learning and Identity Adversarial Training for Facial Behavior Understanding15 Jul 2024
- 2024If It's Not Enough, Make It So: Reducing Authentic Data Demand in Face Recognition through Synthetic Faces4 Apr 2024
- 2023Effective Adapter for Face Recognition in the Wild4 Dec 2023
- 2023Multi-Task Faces (MTF) Data Set: A Legally and Ethically Compliant Collection of Face Images for Various Classification Tasks20 Nov 2023
- 2023Unveiling the frontiers of deep learning: innovations shaping diverse domains6 Sep 2023
- 2023Tag-Based Annotation for Avatar Face Creation24 Aug 2023
- 2023IDiff-Face: Synthetic-based Face Recognition through Fizzy Identity-Conditioned Diffusion Models9 Aug 2023
- 2023Synthetic Data for Face Recognition: Current State and Future Prospects1 May 2023
- 2023FACE-AUDITOR: Data Auditing in Facial Recognition Systems5 Apr 2023
- 2023Poisoning Web-Scale Training Datasets is Practical20 Feb 2023
- 2023WSD: Wild Selfie Dataset for Face Recognition in Selfie Images14 Feb 2023
- 2022A Survey of Face Recognition26 Dec 2022
- 2022A Brief Survey on Person Recognition at a Distance17 Dec 2022
- 2022A New Perspective for Understanding Generalization Gap of Deep Neural Networks Trained with Large Batch Sizes21 Oct 2022
- 2022Statistical Foundation Behind Machine Learning and Its Impact on Computer Vision6 Sep 2022
- 2022Synthetic Data in Human Analysis: A Survey19 Aug 2022
- 2022The Influence of the Other-Race Effect on Susceptibility to Face Morphing Attacks26 Apr 2022
- 2022WebFace260M: A Benchmark for Million-Scale Deep Face Recognition21 Apr 2022
- 2021Distill and De-bias: Mitigating Bias in Face Verification using Knowledge Distillation17 Dec 2021
- 2021Biometric Template Protection for Neural-Network-based Face Recognition Systems: A Survey of Methods and Evaluation Techniques11 Oct 2021
- 2021Masked Face Recognition Challenge: The WebFace260M Track Report16 Aug 2021
- 2021PASS: Protected Attribute Suppression System for Mitigating Bias in Face Recognition9 Aug 2021
- 2021Face.evoLVe: A High-Performance Face Recognition Library19 Jul 2021
- 2021An Efficient Training Approach for Very Large Scale Face Recognition21 May 2021
- 2021Prototype Memory for Large-scale Face Representation Learning5 May 2021
- 2021Student Network Learning via Evolutionary Knowledge Distillation23 Mar 2021
- 2021WebFace260M: A Benchmark Unveiling the Power of Million-Scale Deep Face Recognition6 Mar 2021
- 2021LowKey: Leveraging Adversarial Attacks to Protect Social Media Users from Facial Recognition20 Jan 2021
- 2021DAIL: Dataset-Aware and Invariant Learning for Face Recognition14 Jan 2021
- 2021Deep Learning-based Face Super-Resolution: A Survey11 Jan 2021
- 2023Poisoning Web-Scale Training Datasets is Practicalcited by 276
- 2021WebFace260M: A Benchmark Unveiling the Power of Million-Scale Deep Face Recognitioncited by 221
- 2021LowKey: Leveraging Adversarial Attacks to Protect Social Media Users from Facial Recognitioncited by 92
- 2022WebFace260M: A Benchmark for Million-Scale Deep Face Recognitioncited by 41
- 2021PASS: Protected Attribute Suppression System for Mitigating Bias in Face Recognitioncited by 38
- 2023Synthetic Data for Face Recognition: Current State and Future Prospectscited by 38
- 2021Deep Learning-based Face Super-Resolution: A Surveycited by 32
- 2021Student Network Learning via Evolutionary Knowledge Distillationcited by 30
- 2022Synthetic Data in Human Analysis: A Surveycited by 28
- 2021Face.evoLVe: A High-Performance Face Recognition Librarycited by 26
- 2023FACE-AUDITOR: Data Auditing in Facial Recognition Systemscited by 15
- 2021An Efficient Training Approach for Very Large Scale Face Recognitioncited by 12
12 most cited of 41 All 41 (JSON)
- 2026FVeinSyn: Synthetic Finger Vein Image Generator27 Aug 2026
- 2026Few-shot Class-Incremental Learning via Generative Co-Memory Regularization12 Jan 2026
- 2025Beyond Real Faces: Synthetic Datasets Can Achieve Reliable Recognition Performance without Privacy Compromise20 Oct 2025
- 2025Object Recognition Datasets and Challenges: A Review30 Jul 2025
- 2025DiffProb: Data Pruning for Face Recognition21 May 2025
- 2025GIF: Generative Inspiration for Face Recognition at Scale5 May 2025
- 2025A Sample-Level Evaluation and Generative Framework for Model Inversion Attacks26 Feb 2025
- 2025DivTrackee versus DynTracker: Promoting Diversity in Anti-Facial Recognition against Dynamic FR Strategy11 Jan 2025
- 2024Efficient Low-Resolution Face Recognition via Bridge Distillation18 Sep 2024
- 2024Template-based Multi-Domain Face Recognition15 Sep 2024
- 2024Look One and More: Distilling Hybrid Order Relational Knowledge for Cross-Resolution Image Recognition9 Sep 2024
- 2024The Impact of Balancing Real and Synthetic Data on Accuracy and Fairness in Face Recognition4 Sep 2024
12 newest of 41 All 41 (JSON)