Convergence Rate of Frank-Wolfe for Non-Convex Objectives
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Abstract (arXiv)
We give a simple proof that the Frank-Wolfe algorithm obtains a stationary point at a rate of O(1/√t) on non-convex objectives with a Lipschitz continuous gradient. Our analysis is affine invariant and is the first, to the best of our knowledge, giving a similar rate to what was already proven for projected gradient methods (though on slightly different measures of stationarity).
Key facts. Cited by 59 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 1 Jul 2016.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 10; 2022: 9; 2023: 9; 2024: 10; 2025: 10; 2026: 11.
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- 2024Chain of LoRA: Efficient Fine-tuning of Language Models via Residual Learningcited by 80
- 2025Lions and Muons: Optimization via Stochastic Frank-Wolfe under Heavy-Tailed Noisecited by 38
- 2021Online Graph Dictionary Learningcited by 37
- 2024Low-Rank Adaptation for Foundation Models: A Comprehensive Reviewcited by 35
- 2021Semi-relaxed Gromov-Wasserstein divergence with applications on graphscited by 21
- 2022Template based Graph Neural Network with Optimal Transport Distancescited by 20
- 2024C2M3: Cycle-Consistent Multi-Model Mergingcited by 20
- 2021Complexity of Linear Minimization and Projection on Some Setscited by 19
- 2021Escaping from Zero Gradient: Revisiting Action-Constrained Reinforcement Learning via Frank-Wolfe Policy Optimizationcited by 18
- 2022A Conditional Gradient-based Method for Simple Bilevel Optimization with Convex Lower-level Problemcited by 17
- 2023PPO-Clip Attains Global Optimality: Towards Deeper Understandings of Clippingcited by 17
- 2022Compression-aware Training of Neural Networks using Frank-Wolfecited by 16
38 more
- 2023Projection-Free Methods for Stochastic Simple Bilevel Optimization with Convex Lower-level Problemcited by 13
- 2024Distributional Reduction: Unifying Dimensionality Reduction and Clustering with Gromov-Wassersteincited by 12
- 2021Projection-Free Algorithm for Stochastic Bi-level Optimizationcited by 8
- 2022Curriculum-based Asymmetric Multi-task Reinforcement Learningcited by 7
- 2026Non-Euclidean Gradient Descent Operates at the Edge of Stabilitycited by 7
- 2023Sarah Frank-Wolfe: Methods for Constrained Optimization with Best Rates and Practical Featurescited by 6
- 2024Boosting Gradient Ascent for Continuous DR-submodular Maximizationcited by 6
- 2021Interpretable Neural Networks with Frank-Wolfe: Sparse Relevance Maps and Relevance Orderingscited by 5
- 2023LeanVec: Searching vectors faster by making them fitcited by 5
- 2024Projected Forward Gradient-Guided Frank-Wolfe Algorithm via Variance Reductioncited by 5
- 2025FW-Merging: Scaling Model Merging with Frank-Wolfe Optimizationcited by 5
- 2021Distributionally Robust Optimization with Markovian Datacited by 4
- 2021Subspace Detours Meet Gromov-Wassersteincited by 4
- 2024Revisiting Counterfactual Regression through the Lens of Gromov-Wasserstein Information Bottleneckcited by 4
- 2022Frank-Wolfe-based Algorithms for Approximating Tyler's M-estimatorcited by 3
- 2023Difference of Submodular Minimization via DC Programmingcited by 3
- 2024Large-Scale Non-convex Stochastic Constrained Distributionally Robust Optimizationcited by 3
- 2022Minimizing low-rank models of high-order tensors: Hardness, span, tight relaxation, and applicationscited by 2
- 2023Linearization Algorithms for Fully Composite Optimizationcited by 2
- 2023Power Control with QoS Guarantees: A Differentiable Projection-based Unsupervised Learning Frameworkcited by 2
- 2024Projection-Free Variance Reduction Methods for Stochastic Constrained Multi-Level Compositional Optimizationcited by 2
- 2025Revisiting Frank-Wolfe for Structured Nonconvex Optimizationcited by 2
- 2026Efficient Test-Time Finetuning of LLMs via Convex Reconstruction and Gradient Cachingcited by 2
- 2026BLADE: Scalable Bi-level Adaptive Data Selection for LLM Trainingcited by 2
- 2021A Regularized Wasserstein Framework for Graph Kernelscited by 1
- 2022Fast and Provably Convergent Algorithms for Gromov-Wasserstein in Graph Datacited by 1
- 2022SAIF: Sparse Adversarial and Imperceptible Attack Frameworkcited by 1
- 2023Leveraging Optimal Transport via Projections on Subspaces for Machine Learning Applicationscited by 1
- 2025Double-Bounded Nonlinear Optimal Transport for Size Constrained Min Cut Clusterincited by 1
- 2025An Efficient Local Search Approach for Polarized Community Discovery in Signed Networkscited by 1
- 2025MOSIC: Model-Agnostic Optimal Subgroup Identification with Multi-Constraint for Improved Reliabilitycited by 1
- 2025Scalable DC Optimization via Adaptive Frank-Wolfe Algorithmscited by 1
- 2025Don't Be Greedy, Just Relax! Pruning LLMs via Frank-Wolfecited by 1
- 2026Provably Efficient Algorithms for S- and Non-Rectangular Robust MDPs with General Parameterizationcited by 1
- 2026Principled and Scalable Diversity-Aware Retrieval via Cardinality-Constrained Binary Quadratic Programmingcited by 1
- 2021Scalable Projection-Free Optimizationcited by 0
- 2022Using Taylor-Approximated Gradients to Improve the Frank-Wolfe Method for Empirical Risk Minimizationcited by 0
- 2023Robust Graph Matching Using An Unbalanced Hierarchical Optimal Transport Frameworkcited by 0
50 most cited of 59 All 59 (JSON)
- 2026Variance-Reduced Conditional Gradient Methods under Markovian Sampling for Nonconvex Composite Optimization28 Jul 2026
- 2026Lloyd's K-Means Clustering Algorithm Is Frank-Wolfe in Disguise28 Jul 2026
- 2026BLADE: Scalable Bi-level Adaptive Data Selection for LLM Training17 Jun 2026
- 2026Network Learning with Semi-relaxed Gromov-Wasserstein1 Jun 2026
- 2026Conformal Reliability: A New Evaluation Metric for Conditional Generation29 May 2026
- 2026Efficient Test-Time Finetuning of LLMs via Convex Reconstruction and Gradient Caching28 May 2026
- 2026Fused Gromov-Wasserstein Distance with Feature Selection12 May 2026
- 2026Accelerating LMO-Based Optimization via Implicit Gradient Transport7 May 2026
- 2026Principled and Scalable Diversity-Aware Retrieval via Cardinality-Constrained Binary Quadratic Programming2 Apr 2026
- 2026Non-Euclidean Gradient Descent Operates at the Edge of Stability5 Mar 2026
- 2026Provably Efficient Algorithms for S- and Non-Rectangular Robust MDPs with General Parameterization11 Feb 2026
- 2025Don't Be Greedy, Just Relax! Pruning LLMs via Frank-Wolfe15 Oct 2025
38 more
- 2025Quantitative Convergence Analysis of Projected Stochastic Gradient Descent for Non-Convex Losses via the Goldstein Subdifferential3 Oct 2025
- 2025Scalable DC Optimization via Adaptive Frank-Wolfe Algorithms23 Jul 2025
- 2025Lions and Muons: Optimization via Stochastic Frank-Wolfe under Heavy-Tailed Noise4 Jun 2025
- 2025MOSIC: Model-Agnostic Optimal Subgroup Identification with Multi-Constraint for Improved Reliability29 Apr 2025
- 2025FW-Merging: Scaling Model Merging with Frank-Wolfe Optimization16 Mar 2025
- 2025Revisiting Frank-Wolfe for Structured Nonconvex Optimization11 Mar 2025
- 2025An Efficient Local Search Approach for Polarized Community Discovery in Signed Networks4 Feb 2025
- 2025Double-Bounded Nonlinear Optimal Transport for Size Constrained Min Cut Clusterin30 Jan 2025
- 2025An Enhanced Zeroth-Order Stochastic Frank-Wolfe Framework for Constrained Finite-Sum Optimization13 Jan 2025
- 2024Low-Rank Adaptation for Foundation Models: A Comprehensive Review31 Dec 2024
- 2024Federated Frank-Wolfe Algorithm19 Aug 2024
- 2024Projection-Free Variance Reduction Methods for Stochastic Constrained Multi-Level Compositional Optimization6 Jun 2024
- 2024C2M3: Cycle-Consistent Multi-Model Merging28 May 2024
- 2024Revisiting Counterfactual Regression through the Lens of Gromov-Wasserstein Information Bottleneck24 May 2024
- 2024Large-Scale Non-convex Stochastic Constrained Distributionally Robust Optimization1 Apr 2024
- 2024Projected Forward Gradient-Guided Frank-Wolfe Algorithm via Variance Reduction19 Mar 2024
- 2024Distributional Reduction: Unifying Dimensionality Reduction and Clustering with Gromov-Wasserstein3 Feb 2024
- 2024Boosting Gradient Ascent for Continuous DR-submodular Maximization16 Jan 2024
- 2024Chain of LoRA: Efficient Fine-tuning of Language Models via Residual Learning8 Jan 2024
- 2023LeanVec: Searching vectors faster by making them fit26 Dec 2023
- 2023PPO-Clip Attains Global Optimality: Towards Deeper Understandings of Clipping19 Dec 2023
- 2023Leveraging Optimal Transport via Projections on Subspaces for Machine Learning Applications23 Nov 2023
- 2023Robust Graph Matching Using An Unbalanced Hierarchical Optimal Transport Framework18 Oct 2023
- 2023Projection-Free Methods for Stochastic Simple Bilevel Optimization with Convex Lower-level Problem15 Aug 2023
- 2023Power Control with QoS Guarantees: A Differentiable Projection-based Unsupervised Learning Framework31 May 2023
- 2023Difference of Submodular Minimization via DC Programming18 May 2023
- 2023Sarah Frank-Wolfe: Methods for Constrained Optimization with Best Rates and Practical Features23 Apr 2023
- 2023Linearization Algorithms for Fully Composite Optimization24 Feb 2023
- 2022SAIF: Sparse Adversarial and Imperceptible Attack Framework14 Dec 2022
- 2022Curriculum-based Asymmetric Multi-task Reinforcement Learning7 Nov 2022
- 2022Minimizing low-rank models of high-order tensors: Hardness, span, tight relaxation, and applications16 Oct 2022
- 2022Using Taylor-Approximated Gradients to Improve the Frank-Wolfe Method for Empirical Risk Minimization30 Aug 2022
- 2022Frank-Wolfe-based Algorithms for Approximating Tyler's M-estimator19 Jun 2022
- 2022A Conditional Gradient-based Method for Simple Bilevel Optimization with Convex Lower-level Problem17 Jun 2022
- 2022Template based Graph Neural Network with Optimal Transport Distances31 May 2022
- 2022Compression-aware Training of Neural Networks using Frank-Wolfe24 May 2022
- 2022Fast and Provably Convergent Algorithms for Gromov-Wasserstein in Graph Data17 May 2022
- 2021Projection-Free Algorithm for Stochastic Bi-level Optimization22 Oct 2021
50 newest of 59 All 59 (JSON)
- 2024Chain of LoRA: Efficient Fine-tuning of Language Models via Residual Learningcited by 80
- 2025Lions and Muons: Optimization via Stochastic Frank-Wolfe under Heavy-Tailed Noisecited by 38
- 2021Online Graph Dictionary Learningcited by 37
- 2024Low-Rank Adaptation for Foundation Models: A Comprehensive Reviewcited by 35
- 2021Semi-relaxed Gromov-Wasserstein divergence with applications on graphscited by 21
- 2022Template based Graph Neural Network with Optimal Transport Distancescited by 20
- 2024C2M3: Cycle-Consistent Multi-Model Mergingcited by 20
- 2021Complexity of Linear Minimization and Projection on Some Setscited by 19
- 2021Escaping from Zero Gradient: Revisiting Action-Constrained Reinforcement Learning via Frank-Wolfe Policy Optimizationcited by 18
- 2022A Conditional Gradient-based Method for Simple Bilevel Optimization with Convex Lower-level Problemcited by 17
- 2023PPO-Clip Attains Global Optimality: Towards Deeper Understandings of Clippingcited by 17
- 2022Compression-aware Training of Neural Networks using Frank-Wolfecited by 16
12 most cited of 58 All 58 (JSON)
- 2026Variance-Reduced Conditional Gradient Methods under Markovian Sampling for Nonconvex Composite Optimization28 Jul 2026
- 2026Lloyd's K-Means Clustering Algorithm Is Frank-Wolfe in Disguise28 Jul 2026
- 2026BLADE: Scalable Bi-level Adaptive Data Selection for LLM Training17 Jun 2026
- 2026Network Learning with Semi-relaxed Gromov-Wasserstein1 Jun 2026
- 2026Conformal Reliability: A New Evaluation Metric for Conditional Generation29 May 2026
- 2026Efficient Test-Time Finetuning of LLMs via Convex Reconstruction and Gradient Caching28 May 2026
- 2026Fused Gromov-Wasserstein Distance with Feature Selection12 May 2026
- 2026Accelerating LMO-Based Optimization via Implicit Gradient Transport7 May 2026
- 2026Non-Euclidean Gradient Descent Operates at the Edge of Stability5 Mar 2026
- 2026Provably Efficient Algorithms for S- and Non-Rectangular Robust MDPs with General Parameterization11 Feb 2026
- 2025Don't Be Greedy, Just Relax! Pruning LLMs via Frank-Wolfe15 Oct 2025
- 2025Quantitative Convergence Analysis of Projected Stochastic Gradient Descent for Non-Convex Losses via the Goldstein Subdifferential3 Oct 2025
12 newest of 58 All 58 (JSON)