Mitigating Cross-Modal Hallucinations by Correcting Modality Misrouting in Omnimodal LLMs
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Abstract (arXiv)
Omnimodal large language models (OLLMs) are susceptible to cross-modal hallucinations under audio-visual interference. We find that, for a substantial fraction of incorrect joint predictions, the question-relevant unimodal branch can still recover the correct answer, suggesting that task-relevant evidence can remain recoverable from the relevant modality even when it is not reflected in the joint prediction. We refer to this recoverable failure pattern as modality misrouting. We propose CaRe (Conflict-aware Residual Intervention), a training-free inference-time method for identifying and correcting modality misrouting. CaRe uses a text-only modality probe to identify a candidate modality-specific counterfactual branch, and flags potential misrouting when its prediction conflicts with the original joint prediction. For such cases, CaRe computes a residual direction from the discrepancy between the counterfactual and fused representations and uses it to steer the original multimodal state toward the relevant modality evidence, while retaining both modalities in the original audio-visual inference path. The intervention strength is adapted based on the confidence of the counterfactual branch. Experiments on CMM and AVHBench across two OLLMs show that CaRe consistently outperforms the evaluated inference-time hallucination-mitigation baselines.
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References · 31
- 2023Video-LLaMA: An Instruction-tuned Audio-Visual Language Model for Video Understandingcited by 1,471
- 2023Inference-Time Intervention: Eliciting Truthful Answers from a Language Modelcited by 1,302
- 2023Steering Llama 2 via Contrastive Activation Additioncited by 1,085
- 2025Qwen2.5-Omni Technical Reportcited by 736
- 2023Mitigating Object Hallucinations in Large Vision-Language Models through Visual Contrastive Decodingcited by 688
- 2025Qwen3-Omni Technical Reportcited by 497
- 2023OPERA: Alleviating Hallucination in Multi-Modal Large Language Models via Over-Trust Penalty and Retrospection-Allocationcited by 478
- 2023RLHF-V: Towards Trustworthy MLLMs via Behavior Alignment from Fine-grained Correctional Human Feedbackcited by 412
- 2024Hallucination of Multimodal Large Language Models: A Surveycited by 388
- 2024Multi-Modal Hallucination Control by Visual Information Groundingcited by 208
- 2025VITA-1.5: Towards GPT-4o Level Real-Time Vision and Speech Interactioncited by 197
- 2023OneLLM: One Framework to Align All Modalities with Languagecited by 187
19 more
- 2026Qwen3.5-Omni Technical Reportcited by 174
- 2024Improving Instruction-Following in Language Models through Activation Steeringcited by 160
- 2023Hallucination Augmented Contrastive Learning for Multimodal Large Language Modelcited by 121
- 2025Daily-Omni: Towards Audio-Visual Reasoning with Temporal Alignment across Modalitiescited by 110
- 2025The Hidden Life of Tokens: Reducing Hallucination of Large Vision-Language Models via Visual Information Steeringcited by 66
- 2025OmniVinci: Enhancing Architecture and Data for Omni-Modal Understanding LLMcited by 59
- 2024AVHBench: A Cross-Modal Hallucination Benchmark for Audio-Visual Large Language Modelscited by 56
- 2024The Curse of Multi-Modalities: Evaluating Hallucinations of Large Multimodal Models across Language, Visual, and Audiocited by 53
- 2024ICT: Image-Object Cross-Level Trusted Intervention for Mitigating Object Hallucination in Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 30
- 2025AVCD: Mitigating Hallucinations in Audio-Visual Large Language Models through Contrastive Decodingcited by 30
- 2024Assessing Modality Bias in Video Question Answering Benchmarks with Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 23
- 2025Robust Multimodal Large Language Models Against Modality Conflictcited by 18
- 2025OmniDPO: A Preference Optimization Framework to Address Omni-Modal Hallucinationcited by 9
- 2026Dynamic Multimodal Activation Steering for Hallucination Mitigation in Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 8
- 2026MoD-DPO: Towards Mitigating Cross-modal Hallucinations in Omni LLMs using Modality Decoupled Preference Optimizationcited by 6
- 2026Don't Let the Video Speak: Audio-Contrastive Preference Optimization for Audio-Visual Language Modelscited by 6
- 2026MAD: Modality-Adaptive Decoding for Mitigating Cross-Modal Hallucinations in Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 5
- 2026Ground What You See: Hallucination-Resistant MLLMs via Caption Feedback, Diversity-Aware Sampling, and Conflict Regularizationcited by 3
- 2026Understanding and Mitigating Hallucinations in Multimodal Chain-of-Thought Modelscited by 3
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