Glasseek: A Transparent Recipe for Training and Trustworthy Evaluation of DeepSearch Agents
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Abstract (arXiv)
Deep search enables language agents to solve complex information-seeking tasks through iterative web exploration. However, developing robust open-source agents remains challenging for three reasons. First, opaque trajectory-construction pipelines make training data difficult to audit and reproduce. Second, context compression can create a substantial mismatch between training and inference. Third, agents may retrieve benchmark content from the open web during evaluation, contaminating the results and overstating their performance. To overcome these bottlenecks, we introduce Glasseek, a fully transparent deep search framework spanning the complete development lifecycle, releasing all data, model weights, training recipes, and code. Specifically, for data construction, we establish a verifiable trajectory curation pipeline that systematically generates high-quality exploration paths. For training, we propose Compaction-Managed GSPO (CM-GSPO), which uses the same policy for search and summarization while optimizing only execution sub-trajectories, enabling end-to-end search-policy training across context-compaction boundaries. For evaluation, we conduct the first systematic audit of test-set leakage in open-web agents and release a modular anti-leakage plugin that seamlessly integrates into existing evaluation harnesses. Under this rigorous evaluation protocol, our 9B agent outperforms frontier proprietary agents across almost all deep research benchmarks spanning diverse task types, and achieves the best overall performance among recent open-weight agents, setting a new state of the art at the 9B scale.
Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 39 of its 52 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 12 Oct 2026.
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39 of 52 references.
References · 39
- 2017Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithmscited by 15,215
- 2024DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Modelscited by 9,379
- 2015Trust Region Policy Optimizationcited by 2,580
- 2015High-Dimensional Continuous Control Using Generalized Advantage Estimationcited by 2,026
- 2023GAIA: a benchmark for General AI Assistantscited by 1,128
- 2025Group Sequence Policy Optimizationcited by 835
- 2025BrowseComp: A Simple Yet Challenging Benchmark for Browsing Agentscited by 647
- 2026GLM-5: from Vibe Coding to Agentic Engineeringcited by 587
- 2025R1-Searcher: Incentivizing the Search Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learningcited by 336
- 2025WebThinker: Empowering Large Reasoning Models with Deep Research Capabilitycited by 335
- 2025DeepResearcher: Scaling Deep Research via Reinforcement Learning in Real-world Environmentscited by 286
- 2025Beyond Ten Turns: Unlocking Long-Horizon Agentic Search with Large-Scale Asynchronous RLcited by 150
27 more
- 2025BrowseComp-ZH: Benchmarking Web Browsing Ability of Large Language Models in Chinesecited by 145
- 2025ACON: Optimizing Context Compression for Long-horizon LLM Agentscited by 136
- 2025WebShaper: Agentically Data Synthesizing via Information-Seeking Formalizationcited by 121
- 2025WebExplorer: Explore and Evolve for Training Long-Horizon Web Agentscited by 92
- 2025MiroThinker: Pushing the Performance Boundaries of Open-Source Research Agents via Model, Context, and Interactive Scalingcited by 81
- 2025SealQA: Raising the Bar for Reasoning in Search-Augmented Language Modelscited by 75
- 2025Tongyi DeepResearch Technical Reportcited by 66
- 2025A Survey of LLM-based Deep Search Agents: Paradigm, Optimization, Evaluation, and Challengescited by 62
- 2026REDSearcher: A Scalable and Cost-Efficient Framework for Long-Horizon Search Agentscited by 49
- 2026OpenSeeker: Democratizing Frontier Search Agents by Fully Open-Sourcing Training Datacited by 39
- 2026OpenResearcher: A Fully Open Pipeline for Long-Horizon Deep Research Trajectory Synthesiscited by 37
- 2026Scaling the Horizon, Not the Parameters: Reaching Trillion-Parameter Performance with a 35B Agentcited by 22
- 2026Active Context Compression: Autonomous Memory Management in LLM Agentscited by 16
- 2026Marco DeepResearch: Unlocking Efficient Deep Research Agents via Verification-Centric Designcited by 16
- 2026Learning Agent-Compatible Context Management for Long-Horizon Taskscited by 15
- 2026CompactionRL: Reinforcement Learning with Context Compaction for Long-Horizon Agentscited by 14
- 2026LongSeeker: Elastic Context Orchestration for Long-Horizon Search Agentscited by 10
- 2026Toward Reliable Context Compression for Long-Horizon Agents: An Empirical Study of Execution Instabilitycited by 10
- 2026FORT-Searcher: Synthesizing Shortcut-Resistant Search Tasks for Training Deep Search Agentscited by 7
- 2026Parallel Context Compaction for Long-Horizon LLM Agent Servingcited by 5
- 2026LiveBrowseComp: Are Search Agents Searching, or Just Verifying What They Already Know?cited by 5
- 2026ICA: Information-Aware Credit Assignment for Visually Grounded Long-Horizon Information-Seeking Agentscited by 4
- 2026PiCA: Pivot-Based Credit Assignment for Search Agentic Reinforcement Learningcited by 3
- 2026ARBOR: Online Process Rewards via a Reusable Rubric Buffer for Search Agentscited by 3
- 2026HIPIF: Hierarchical Planning and Information Folding for Long-Horizon LLM Agent Learningcited by 3
- 2026LoHoSearch: Benchmarking Long-Horizon Search Agents Beyond the Human Difficulty Ceilingcited by 3
- 2026When History Is Multimodal: Rethinking Context Management for Long-Horizon Agentscited by 2
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