VisExMEM: Visual Evidence-Based Explainable Multimodal Evaluation Metric
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Current image-text evaluation often relies on a global score, which gives limited insight into which semantic details are supported by the image. Explainable metrics provide rationales, but the visual evidence supporting those rationales can still be difficult to verify. We introduce VisExMEM, a reference-free evaluator that decomposes captions into atomic claims, localizes visual evidence, verifies each claim, and averages claim-level support into a global score. Explanations use the same evidence and decisions. We train Qwen3.5-based 4B and 9B models on 100K samples with multi-task SFT, counterfactual refinement, and evidence-aware GDPO. Across eight benchmarks, VisExMEM-9B achieves the highest descriptive composite among open-source evaluators in our comparison, exceeding VQAScore by 11.7 points while remaining competitive with GPT-5.6 Sol. We also introduce AGITA-Bench, containing 600 human-annotated image-text pairs and 8.7K atomic claims for global and claim-level evaluation. For untuned Qwen3.5 and GPT-5.6 Sol controls, decomposed prompting raises the same composite by 3.6-5.1 points relative to holistic prompting. Human evaluation shows that VisExMEM explanations outperform prior explainable metrics and approach GPT-5.6 Sol.
Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 54 of its 63 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 12 Oct 2026.
Builds on
54 of 63 references.
References · 54
- 2014Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Contextcited by 17,608
- 2024DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Modelscited by 9,379
- 2023BLIP-2: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training with Frozen Image Encoders and Large Language Modelscited by 6,137
- 2023Efficient Memory Management for Large Language Model Serving with PagedAttentioncited by 5,944
- 2023Grounding DINO: Marrying DINO with Grounded Pre-Training for Open-Set Object Detectioncited by 3,332
- 2016Visual Genome: Connecting Language and Vision Using Crowdsourced Dense Image Annotationscited by 2,656
- 2021CLIPScore: A Reference-free Evaluation Metric for Image Captioningcited by 2,424
- 2015Flickr30k Entities: Collecting Region-to-Phrase Correspondences for Richer Image-to-Sentence Modelscited by 1,362
- 2023ImageReward: Learning and Evaluating Human Preferences for Text-to-Image Generationcited by 1,045
- 2023Pick-a-Pic: An Open Dataset of User Preferences for Text-to-Image Generationcited by 977
- 2023Human Preference Score v2: A Solid Benchmark for Evaluating Human Preferences of Text-to-Image Synthesiscited by 890
- 2022Winoground: Probing Vision and Language Models for Visio-Linguistic Compositionalitycited by 529
38 more
- 2024Evaluating Text-to-Visual Generation with Image-to-Text Generationcited by 474
- 2023GLaMM: Pixel Grounding Large Multimodal Modelcited by 455
- 2023TIFA: Accurate and Interpretable Text-to-Image Faithfulness Evaluation with Question Answeringcited by 428
- 2022DiffusionDB: A Large-scale Prompt Gallery Dataset for Text-to-Image Generative Modelscited by 379
- 2024Molmo and PixMo: Open Weights and Open Data for State-of-the-Art Vision-Language Modelscited by 329
- 2022Visual Spatial Reasoningcited by 293
- 2023T2I-CompBench++: An Enhanced and Comprehensive Benchmark for Compositional Text-to-image Generationcited by 260
- 2024Playground v2.5: Three Insights towards Enhancing Aesthetic Quality in Text-to-Image Generationcited by 256
- 2017Learning to Detect Human-Object Interactionscited by 240
- 2019Connecting Vision and Language with Localized Narrativescited by 226
- 2023VIEScore: Towards Explainable Metrics for Conditional Image Synthesis Evaluationcited by 201
- 2023Teaching CLIP to Count to Tencited by 198
- 2026GDPO: Group reward-Decoupled Normalization Policy Optimization for Multi-reward RL Optimizationcited by 193
- 2023Davidsonian Scene Graph: Improving Reliability in Fine-grained Evaluation for Text-to-Image Generationcited by 171
- 2023GPT-4V(ision) as a Generalist Evaluator for Vision-Language Taskscited by 119
- 2023What You See is What You Read? Improving Text-Image Alignment Evaluationcited by 108
- 2024Learning Multi-dimensional Human Preference for Text-to-Image Generationcited by 106
- 2024MJ-Bench: Is Your Multimodal Reward Model Really a Good Judge for Text-to-Image Generation?cited by 66
- 2023Equivariant Similarity for Vision-Language Foundation Modelscited by 52
- 2023Do LVLMs Understand Charts? Analyzing and Correcting Factual Errors in Chart Captioningcited by 49
- 2024FLEUR: An Explainable Reference-Free Evaluation Metric for Image Captioning Using a Large Multimodal Modelcited by 45
- 2025Judge Anything: MLLM as a Judge Across Any Modalitycited by 34
- 2024A Survey on Quality Metrics for Text-to-Image Generationcited by 18
- 2024Who Evaluates the Evaluations? Objectively Scoring Text-to-Image Prompt Coherence Metrics with T2IScoreScore (TS2)cited by 18
- 2025Image Captioning Evaluation in the Age of Multimodal LLMs: Challenges and Future Perspectivescited by 18
- 2025MMIG-Bench: Towards Comprehensive and Explainable Evaluation of Multi-Modal Image Generation Modelscited by 17
- 2025CulturalFrames: Assessing Cultural Expectation Alignment in Text-to-Image Models and Evaluation Metricscited by 15
- 2024What makes a good metric? Evaluating automatic metrics for text-to-image consistencycited by 12
- 2025Culture in Action: Evaluating Text-to-Image Models through Social Activitiescited by 10
- 2025EXPERT: An Explainable Image Captioning Evaluation Metric with Structured Explanationscited by 7
- 2025FineGRAIN: Evaluating Failure Modes of Text-to-Image Models with Vision Language Model Judgescited by 7
- 2026ImagenWorld: Stress-Testing Image Generation Models with Explainable Human Evaluation on Open-ended Real-World Taskscited by 7
- 2025VisCoder2: Building Multi-Language Visualization Coding Agentscited by 6
- 2025T2I-FineEval: Fine-Grained Compositional Metric for Text-to-Image Evaluationcited by 4
- 2026K-Sort Eval: Efficient Preference Evaluation for Visual Generation via Corrected VLM-as-a-Judgecited by 4
- 2024Multi-modal, Multi-task, Multi-criteria Automatic Evaluation with Vision Language Modelscited by 3
- 2025REVEALER: Reinforcement-Guided Visual Reasoning for Element-Level Text-Image Alignment Evaluationcited by 3
- 2025CROC: Evaluating and Training T2I Metrics with Pseudo- and Human-Labeled Contrastive Robustness Checkscited by 2
50 most cited of 54 All 54 (JSON)
Built on by
Not cited yet.