Fitting Vision Adapters at Frontier Scales
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Abstract (arXiv)
Training a small projector between a frozen vision encoder and language model is an established approach to multimodal learning. As the parameter count of language models scales dramatically, we revisit which vision capabilities this approach can add while keeping their pretrained weights fixed. Here we train a 50M parameter projector from the vision encoder of Kimi K2.6 to GLM 5.2 and 5.3, both models without native vision capabilities, and further present a reproducible recipe for training these adapters at scale. We study the following: (a) how vision capabilities of multimodal models scale as purely the language model side scales, and (b) what specific vision capabilities are able to be imbued into a pure language model at scale, and which ones remain limited. We evaluate on MMMU-Pro and BLINK, examining both overall performance and results on individual visual tasks.
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References · 21
- 2024DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Modelscited by 9,379
- 2023BLIP-2: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training with Frozen Image Encoders and Large Language Modelscited by 6,137
- 2022Flamingo: a Visual Language Model for Few-Shot Learningcited by 4,386
- 2023MiniGPT-4: Enhancing Vision-Language Understanding with Advanced Large Language Modelscited by 2,711
- 2023Efficient Streaming Language Models with Attention Sinkscited by 2,186
- 2023MMMU: A Massive Multi-discipline Multimodal Understanding and Reasoning Benchmark for Expert AGIcited by 2,080
- 2021Multimodal Few-Shot Learning with Frozen Language Modelscited by 661
- 2022Grokking: Generalization Beyond Overfitting on Small Algorithmic Datasetscited by 629
- 2024BLINK: Multimodal Large Language Models Can See but Not Perceivecited by 550
- 2024MMMU-Pro: A More Robust Multi-discipline Multimodal Understanding Benchmarkcited by 512
- 2024The Platonic Representation Hypothesiscited by 382
- 2022Relative representations enable zero-shot latent space communicationcited by 191
9 more
- 2022Linearly Mapping from Image to Text Spacecited by 142
- 2023Grounding Language Models to Images for Multimodal Inputs and Outputscited by 131
- 2024NVLM: Open Frontier-Class Multimodal LLMscited by 125
- 2024Towards Interpreting Visual Information Processing in Vision-Language Modelscited by 122
- 2023Latent Space Translation via Semantic Alignmentcited by 52
- 2025Skywork R1V2: Multimodal Hybrid Reinforcement Learning for Reasoningcited by 49
- 2023eP-ALM: Efficient Perceptual Augmentation of Language Modelscited by 34
- 2025Latent Implicit Visual Reasoningcited by 18
- 2026LatentLens: Revealing Highly Interpretable Visual Tokens in LLMscited by 15
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