mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Auditing Web Agent Evaluation on WebArena-Lite: Human Review of Outcomes and Trajectories

arXiv 2610.01491 ↗First posted 1 Oct 2026cs.CLcited by 0

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Web, search, and research agents also fits: Software engineering coding agents

Abstract (arXiv)

Web agents are an important application of large language models, yet their evaluation often depends on rule based or language model evaluators that inspect only the final outcome. Human verification of task completion and detailed analysis of failed trajectories remain limited. We audit all 165 WebArena Lite tasks under six evaluation conditions built from GPT 5.5 and an untrained Qwen3.5 9B model. The audit retains the original score, corrects false negatives from the automatic evaluator, identifies the first consequential error, and examines progress across the trajectory. We also study a Memory and Analysis Support Mechanism (MASM), which maintains explicit execution state, and Guide Text, which provides task relevant procedural guidance. Across four GPT 5.5 settings, human review recovers 5.45 to 8.49 percentage points of success missed by the evaluator. With a 25 step budget, Guide Text raises corrected success with MASM from 34.55% to 38.18%. On the untrained Qwen3.5 9B model, MASM raises the evaluator score from 13.90% to 18.80%. Review of 102 failed GPT 5.5 trajectories reveals frequent scrolling loops, unfinished exploration, premature answers, invalid actions, and incomplete form workflows. Step level evidence further shows that substantial early progress can coexist with a final failure. These results show why final scores alone provide an incomplete account of web agent behavior and motivate human grounded, trajectory aware verification.

Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Web, search, and research agents, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 18 of its 19 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 1 Oct 2026.

Builds on

18 of 19 references.

Closest ancestors · 11

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2026Scaling Web Agent Training through Automatic Data Generation and Fine-grained Evaluation13 Feb
  2. 2025WebGraphEval: Multi-Turn Trajectory Evaluation for Web Agents using Graph Representation22 Oct
  3. 2025WebAgent-R1: Training Web Agents via End-to-End Multi-Turn Reinforcement Learning22 May
  4. 2025AgentRewardBench: Evaluating Automatic Evaluations of Web Agent Trajectories11 Apr
  5. 2025An Illusion of Progress? Assessing the Current State of Web Agents2 Apr
  6. 2024The BrowserGym Ecosystem for Web Agent Research6 Dec
  7. 2024WebRL: Training LLM Web Agents via Self-Evolving Online Curriculum Reinforcement Learning4 Nov
  8. 2024NNetNav: Unsupervised Learning of Browser Agents Through Environment Interaction in the Wild3 Oct
  9. 2024WorkArena: How Capable Are Web Agents at Solving Common Knowledge Work Tasks?12 Mar
  10. 2023WebArena: A Realistic Web Environment for Building Autonomous Agents25 Jul
  11. 2023Mind2Web: Towards a Generalist Agent for the Web9 Jun

Other references · 7

  1. 2023Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arenacited by 8,393
  2. 2022ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Modelscited by 8,355
  3. 2023AgentBench: Evaluating LLMs as Agentscited by 1,211
  4. 2023Large Language Models are not Fair Evaluatorscited by 1,050
  5. 2024AgentBoard: An Analytical Evaluation Board of Multi-turn LLM Agentscited by 319
  6. 2024WebLINX: Real-World Website Navigation with Multi-Turn Dialoguecited by 177
  7. 2024VisualAgentBench: Towards Large Multimodal Models as Visual Foundation Agentscited by 101

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  1. 2026Auditing Automated Evaluation, Error Propagation, and Runtime Mitigation in Tool-Using Language Agents
  2. 2026A2E : An End-to-End Agent Auditing Engine
  3. 2026WebRetriever: A Large-Scale Comprehensive Benchmark for Efficient Web Agent Evaluation
  4. 2026AgentAtlas: Beyond Outcome Leaderboards for LLM Agents
  5. 2025BrowserArena: Evaluating LLM Agents on Real-World Web Navigation Tasks
  6. 2026Counsel: A Meta-Evaluation Dataset for Agentic Tasks
  7. 2024Can Large Language Models be Trusted for Evaluation? Scalable Meta-Evaluation of LLMs as Evaluators via Agent Debate
  8. 2026CUAAudit: Meta-Evaluation of Vision-Language Models as Auditors of Autonomous Computer-Use Agents