Save Your Saturated Data: Learning Beyond Reward Saturation in Group-Based RL
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Abstract (arXiv)
Group-relative reinforcement learning (RL) relies on reward variation among sampled responses to estimate informative relative advantages. As language models become increasingly capable, existing training data can become reward-saturated: all sampled responses to the same problem might receive equally high rewards, where the group-relative learning signals vanish and leave previously useful data obsolete. In this work, we investigate whether useful learning signals can be recovered from such saturated data. We study interventions at four levels of group-policy RL pipelines---data, rollout, reward, and advantage---and conduct extensive RL training on saturated reasoning data only. While standard GRPO on saturated data would almost always yield near-0 advantages and near-noise signals, diverse interventions successfully recycle and repurpose such data: among the proposed strategies, interventions at rollout generation are consistently most effective: nudging the policy to generate ``high-quality'', incorrect solutions introduces rollouts with poor rewards into saturated groups as negative samples, which turns out to improve GRPO by 6.4% to 9.0% across Qwen3-1.7B and 4B. Other interventions such as increasing rollout temperature or adding auxiliary rewards can also restore non-zero advantages, but yield less consistent gains. Further analyses show that effective negative rollouts require informative negative trajectories, that the method remains effective alongside unsaturated data, and that it supports iterative recycling of newly saturated examples. While increasingly stronger LLMs would render more data as saturated, our results demonstrate that don't waste your saturated data: with the right strategies they can be recycled into useful RL training signals in an increasingly data-scarce world.
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References · 22
- 2024DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Modelscited by 9,379
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- 2025Generalizing Verifiable Instruction Followingcited by 194
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- 2025No Prompt Left Behind: Exploiting Zero-Variance Prompts in LLM Reinforcement Learning via Entropy-Guided Advantage Shapingcited by 50
- 2026Train Less, Learn More: Adaptive Efficient Rollout Optimization for Group-Based Reinforcement Learningcited by 14
- 2026RLVR without Ineffective Samples: Group Prioritized Off-Policy Optimization for LLM Reasoningcited by 9
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- 2026Learning as Reasoning Unfolds: Progressive Rollout Allocation for Efficient Reinforcement Learningcited by 7
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