LLM Parkinsonism: Executive-Control Failure, Token-Inefficient Persistence, and an Uncertainty-Aware Global Executive Control Architecture for Autonomous Language-Model Agents
On the map: LLM agents and tool use → General LLM agent frameworks and benchmarks
Abstract (arXiv)
Large language models (LLMs) can plan, use tools, write code, and execute long-horizon workflows, yet strong local competence does not guarantee project-level executive control. Agents may continue acting after the original objective is satisfied, producing low-value refinements, repeated verification, and repairs to self-created complexity. We use LLM Parkinsonism as a narrowly defined, non-clinical metaphor for this pattern of persistent action despite diminishing task-level value. We argue that the problem is not explained by autoregressive next-token prediction alone, but more directly by concentrating proposal generation, scope interpretation, progress assessment, and stopping authority within the same self-conditioned loop. We therefore introduce Global Executive Control (GEC) v0.2, an uncertainty-aware governance architecture that separates action generation from project-level control. In a 24,000-episode matched-candidate benchmark under a common 40,000-token ceiling, a first-candidate baseline achieved 67.42% hard-goal success, a candidate-set local control achieved 96.53%, and GEC achieved 96.57%. The candidate-set control shows that access to multiple candidate actions explains most of the success gain; relative to that control, GEC preserved success while reducing mean token use from 19,782 to 12,574 (36.4%) and restricted mean tokens to completion at the 40,000-token ceiling from 16,136 to 13,114 (18.7%), while eliminating measured pre-completion drift and sharply reducing gross complexity. Governance-overhead sensitivity remained favorable through an additional 500 synthetic governance tokens per cycle. These mechanistic simulations support explicit governance of scope, evidence, resource use, and stopping, while live-model validation remains necessary.
Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in General LLM agent frameworks and benchmarks, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 14 of its 25 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 25 Sep 2026.
Builds on
14 of 25 references.
Closest ancestors · 5
Same direction, newest first
- 2026BAGEN: Are LLM Agents Budget-Aware?29 May
- 2026DeepPlanning: Benchmarking Long-Horizon Agentic Planning with Verifiable Constraints26 Jan
- 2025CostBench: Evaluating Multi-Turn Cost-Optimal Planning and Adaptation in Dynamic Environments for LLM Tool-Use Agents4 Nov
- 2025Verification-Aware Planning for Multi-Agent Systems20 Oct
- 2025Survey on Evaluation of LLM-based Agents20 Mar
Other references · 9
- 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,971
- 2022ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Modelscited by 8,695
- 2023Reflexion: Language Agents with Verbal Reinforcement Learningcited by 4,276
- 2024Token-Budget-Aware LLM Reasoningcited by 247
- 2024AI Agents That Mattercited by 219
- 2026When More Thinking Hurts: Overthinking in LLM Test-Time Compute Scalingcited by 16
- 2026When Agents Do Not Stop: Uncovering Infinite Agentic Loops in LLM Agentscited by 7
- 2026When Do Agent Loops Mistake Stagnation for Progress? Self-Evaluation Bias and Externally Grounded Verification in Long-Running Autonomous LLM Agent Loopscited by 4
- 2026When May an Agent Stop? Evidence-Carrying Termination for Tool-Using LLMscited by 3
Built on by
Not cited yet.
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2026Aligning Progress and Feasibility: A Neuro-Symbolic Dual Memory Framework for Long-Horizon LLM Agents
- 2026Agentic Control in Variational Language Models
- 2025OmniReflect: Discovering Transferable Constitutions for LLM agents via Neuro-Symbolic Reflections
- 2026Think Before You Act -- A Neurocognitive Governance Model for Autonomous AI Agents
- 2026Box Maze: A Process-Control Architecture for Reliable LLM Reasoning
- 2026Think2: Grounded Metacognitive Reasoning in Large Language Models
- 2025Structured Cognitive Loop for Behavioral Intelligence in Large Language Model Agents (Extended Revision: From Behavioral Architecture to Epistemic Accountability)
- 2025What Do LLM Agents Do When Left Alone? Evidence of Spontaneous Meta-Cognitive Patterns