mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Agensh: Scaling Organizational Intelligence to 1,024 Agents

arXiv 2609.26781 ↗First posted 22 Sep 2026cs.CL cs.MAcited by 1

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → General LLM agent frameworks and benchmarks also fits: Software engineering coding agents

Abstract (arXiv)

A multi-agent system can reduce latency on complex tasks by executing work concurrently. Several pioneering harness frameworks support multi-agent systems. However, the scalability of current multi-agent harnesses is often constrained by a central orchestrator's capacity to allocate tasks and coordinate workers. To address this limitation, we introduce Agensh, a scalable self-organized multi-agent harness without a central orchestrator: concurrent workers execute a multi-agent cooperation loop, continuously gathering context, claiming and self-assigning sub-tasks, taking action and sharing findings, verifying results, and merging progress in an asynchronous manner. The loop is supported by the agentic organization infrastructure comprising three components: a shared workspace holds proposed, ongoing, and completed work; a message interface lets workers communicate; and shared context retains reusable findings and work intentions. To test the scalability of Agensh, we evaluate it on the five hardest ProgramBench tasks with GPT-5.6-sol (high). Scaling from 1 to 128 agents raises the mean final test-pass rate from 19.31% to 28.78%, an approximately 49% relative improvement. Larger organizations reach comparable test-pass rates earlier. On pandoc, scaling from 1 to 1,024 agents raises the final test-pass rate from 33.89% to 55.06%. Worker trajectories further show that different forms of self-organized cooperation gradually emerges and standardizes as the organization grows. These results reveal the number of agents as a new scaling dimension for multi-agent organizations to expand the frontier of general intelligence, offering a practical solution for complex tasks under hard latency constraints or time budgets.

Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in General LLM agent frameworks and benchmarks, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 9 of its 32 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 22 Sep 2026.

Builds on

9 of 32 references.

Closest ancestors · 3

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2026Decentralized Multi-Agent Systems with Shared Context9 Jun
  2. 2025Towards a Science of Scaling Agent Systems9 Dec
  3. 2025AgentNet: Decentralized Evolutionary Coordination for LLM-based Multi-Agent Systems1 Apr

Other references · 6

  1. 2022ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Modelscited by 8,695
  2. 2023Reflexion: Language Agents with Verbal Reinforcement Learningcited by 4,276
  3. 2026Kimi K2.5: Visual Agentic Intelligencecited by 501
  4. 2026ProgramBench: Can Language Models Rebuild Programs From Scratch?cited by 59
  5. 2024ChatCollab: Exploring Collaboration Between Humans and AI Agents in Software Teamscited by 6
  6. 2026Multi-agent Collaboration with State Managementcited by 6

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 1.

1 paper.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2026Apodex 1.1: Scaling Agentic Intelligence for Complex Work
  2. 2026OrgAgent: Organize Your Multi-Agent System like a Company
  3. 2026Scaling Multi-Agent Intelligence with Substrate-Centric Coordination
  4. 2024S-Agents: Self-organizing Agents in Open-ended Environments
  5. 2026Toward an Organizational Science of Multi-Agent LLM Systems: Decoupling Who, How, and Which Algorithm
  6. 2026Scaling Inference-Time Compute with Teams of Coding Agents
  7. 2026Scaling Behavior of Single LLM-Driven Multi-Agent Systems
  8. 2024Towards Effective GenAI Multi-Agent Collaboration: Design and Evaluation for Enterprise Applications