TSWAP: A Multilingual Retrieval-Augmented Thai Wellness Advisor
On the map: Retrieval-augmented generation → Medical and biomedical RAG
Abstract (arXiv)
We present TSWAP, a deployed eight-language conversational wellness advisor grounded, via retrieval-augmented generation, in a verified knowledge base of Thai traditional medicine and certified wellness providers. An unmodified open-weight LLM (Qwen3.6-35B-A3B on vLLM) is grounded on a ~30.6K-chunk Thai index by a hybrid dense-sparse retriever with cross-encoder reranking; a first-turn query classifier forces tool-based retrieval for entity lookups; a rule-based safety layer enforces medical scope and Thai emergency routing; and all eight languages are served zero-shot with translate-then-retrieve. We release the first Thai traditional-medicine/wellness retrieval benchmark (50 questions with gold document IDs; Recall@5 = 0.88), production QA logs (91.1% test-retest pass over 259 cases), and a 71-question frontier no-retrieval probe showing what each grounding pillar contributes: without the safety prompt the backend model family produced a full drug-dosing schedule and complied with out-of-scope requests, and without the knowledge base it produced zero verifiable provider recommendations. We further report two transferable deployment findings: English-calibrated 4-bit AWQ quantization corrupts Thai tone marks, and forced-retrieval routing is necessary for reliable grounding.
Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Medical and biomedical RAG, one of 15 directions in Retrieval-augmented generation. Builds on 14 of its 20 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 24 Aug 2026.
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14 of 20 references.
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- 2024HEALTH-PARIKSHA: Assessing RAG Models for Health Chatbots in Real-World Multilingual Settings17 Oct
- 2024Benchmarking Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Medicine20 Feb
Other references · 12
- 2025HealthBench: Evaluating Large Language Models Towards Improved Human Healthcited by 429
- 2023Ragas: Automated Evaluation of Retrieval Augmented Generationcited by 418
- 2023Better to Ask in English: Cross-Lingual Evaluation of Large Language Models for Healthcare Queriescited by 82
- 2023Typhoon: Thai Large Language Modelscited by 30
- 2025SEA-LION: Southeast Asian Languages in One Networkcited by 22
- 2024Sailor: Open Language Models for South-East Asiacited by 19
- 2025Large language models provide unsafe answers to patient-posed medical questionscited by 18
- 2024Typhoon 2: A Family of Open Text and Multimodal Thai Large Language Modelscited by 12
- 2024OpenThaiGPT 1.5: A Thai-Centric Open Source Large Language Modelcited by 8
- 2025TCM-Ladder: A Benchmark for Multimodal Question Answering on Traditional Chinese Medicinecited by 5
- 2025MTCMB: A Multi-Task Benchmark Framework for Evaluating LLMs on Knowledge, Reasoning, and Safety in Traditional Chinese Medicinecited by 4
- 2025WangchanThaiInstruct: An instruction-following Dataset for Culture-Aware, Multitask, and Multi-domain Evaluation in Thaicited by 3
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