Enhancing Social Intelligence in LLMs with Hierarchical Reasoning and Utterance-Level Goal Rewarding
On the map: LLM reasoning → Reasoning for agents, planning and code
Abstract (arXiv)
Large language models (LLMs) excel in structured tasks but struggle with dynamic social interactions, where success requires long-term goal coordination and rapid adaptation. Current methods often apply uniform goal-based rewards to every utterance, overlooking the specificity of objectives at each dialogue turn and failing to account for the rationale of potential strategies. Inspired by the Theory of Planned Behavior, we propose the Think-Strategy-Response (TSR) framework, which decomposes social dialogue into two hierarchical stages: high-level strategic planning and low-level linguistic execution. To optimize TSR, we introduce Linearized Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning with Variance-Gated Rewards (LHRL-VGR), a novel algorithm that dynamically routes rewards - balancing goal completion and strategy adherence - based on the variance of goal achievement scores. Experiments on the SOTOPIA benchmark show that our approach fine-tunes a Qwen2.5-7B agent to surpass the GPT-4o baseline by 7.32% in goal completion success, demonstrating state-of-the-art performance in multi-agent social negotiation tasks.
Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Reasoning for agents, planning and code, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 17 of its 45 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 6 Aug 2026.
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17 of 45 references.
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- 2025Adaptive Social Learning via Mode Policy Optimization for Language Agents4 May
- 2025ReMA: Learning to Meta-think for LLMs with Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning12 Mar
- 2025EPO: Explicit Policy Optimization for Strategic Reasoning in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning18 Feb
- 2024OpenAI o1 System Card21 Dec
Other references · 13
- 2024DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Modelscited by 9,379
- 2025DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learningcited by 6,330
- 2024Qwen2.5 Technical Reportcited by 4,942
- 2024GPT-4o System Cardcited by 4,588
- 2024DeepSeek-V3 Technical Reportcited by 811
- 2017FeUdal Networks for Hierarchical Reinforcement Learningcited by 337
- 2025Reinforcement Learning Optimization for Large-Scale Learning: An Efficient and User-Friendly Scaling Librarycited by 101
- 2025Sotopia-RL: Reward Design for Social Intelligencecited by 24
- 2025SOTOPIA-Omega: Dynamic Strategy Injection Learning and Social Instruction Following Evaluation for Social Agentscited by 16
- 2024Dialogue Action Tokens: Steering Language Models in Goal-Directed Dialogue with a Multi-Turn Plannercited by 13
- 2024The Imperative of Conversation Analysis in the Era of LLMs: A Survey of Tasks, Techniques, and Trendscited by 11
- 2025Debt Collection Negotiations with Large Language Models: An Evaluation System and Optimizing Decision Making with Multi-Agentcited by 10
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- 2026SocialRL: Refining LLMs' Social Intelligence through Multi-turn Reinforcement Learning and Reward Design
- 2026ToSCA: Leveraging Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning on Temporal and Strategic Abstractions of Conversational Agents
- 2026GameTalk: Training LLMs for Strategic Conversation
- 2025Conversational Planning for Personal Plans
- 2025Response-Level Rewards Are All You Need for Online Reinforcement Learning in LLMs: A Mathematical Perspective
- 2026SAVOIR: Learning Social Savoir-Faire via Shapley-based Reward Attribution
- 2025GTAlign: Game-Theoretic Alignment of LLM Assistants for Social Welfare
- 2025SpeakRL: Synergizing Reasoning, Speaking, and Acting in Language Models with Reinforcement Learning