mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

WorldCup Arena: Prospective, Leakage-Free Evaluation of Frontier LLMs on a Live Tournament

arXiv 2608.04008 ↗First posted 4 Aug 2026cs.CLcited by 0

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Abstract (arXiv)

Benchmarks that measure the forecasting ability of large language models are almost always retrospective: the event has happened, the answer is somewhere on the Web, and the evaluation must defend itself against memorisation. We report the opposite design. Over the 39 days of the 2026 FIFA World Cup, six frontier LLMs -- all with extended thinking and native server-side web search -- were asked before every kickoff, one match at a time, to fill in a seven-market prediction card for all 104 matches, plus 12 group winners and a pre-tournament outright pool; no answer existed when the question was asked, so the evaluation is leakage-free by construction rather than by filtering, and the frozen archive holds 4,494 scored predictions. What the tournament establishes is a set of behaviours the six systems share. On match outcome they average 63.9%, level with backing the bookmaker's favourite -- which is in fact what they usually do. They agree with one another far more often than they are right, so a majority vote adds nothing. They under-commit to draws and to goals, and crowd their scoreline picks onto a single prototypical result. Accuracy tracks how lopsided a fixture is rather than how much is known about it: it collapses in the closest ties, where the dossiers are richest, while questions about the tournament as a whole are answered well. On this task the current generation of frontier systems is not sharply differentiated: the standings hold up at the top and the bottom across the run and churn in the middle, and the margins stay narrow throughout. The briefing dossiers, fixtures and official results are released as a benchmark, together with the scoring code.

Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 14 of its 22 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 4 Aug 2026.

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14 of 22 references.

References · 14

  1. 2023SWE-bench: Can Language Models Resolve Real-World GitHub Issues?cited by 3,193
  2. 2023WebArena: A Realistic Web Environment for Building Autonomous Agentscited by 1,908
  3. 2024LiveCodeBench: Holistic and Contamination Free Evaluation of Large Language Models for Codecited by 1,906
  4. 2024Chatbot Arena: An Open Platform for Evaluating LLMs by Human Preferencecited by 1,151
  5. 2024OSWorld: Benchmarking Multimodal Agents for Open-Ended Tasks in Real Computer Environmentscited by 1,134
  6. 2023GAIA: a benchmark for General AI Assistantscited by 1,084
  7. 2023NLP Evaluation in trouble: On the Need to Measure LLM Data Contamination for each Benchmarkcited by 339
  8. 2024LiveBench: A Challenging, Contamination-Limited LLM Benchmarkcited by 242
  9. 2023Time Travel in LLMs: Tracing Data Contamination in Large Language Modelscited by 175
  10. 2024ForecastBench: A Dynamic Benchmark of AI Forecasting Capabilitiescited by 104
  11. 2024Approaching Human-Level Forecasting with Language Modelscited by 102
  12. 2024Wisdom of the Silicon Crowd: LLM Ensemble Prediction Capabilities Rival Human Crowd Accuracycited by 66
2 more
  1. 2022Forecasting Future World Events with Neural Networkscited by 63
  2. 2023Large Language Model Prediction Capabilities: Evidence from a Real-World Forecasting Tournamentcited by 24

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