PCSD: Persistent Consistency for Self-Distillation in Agentic Reinforcement Learning
On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Reinforcement learning for LLM agents
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Abstract (arXiv)
Large language model agents have shown strong potential in complex interactive tasks, yet their reinforcement learning (RL) is often hindered by sparse rewards, as a long multi-turn trajectory may receive only a single outcome-level signal. On-policy self-distillation (OPSD) provides dense token-level supervision from a privileged teacher, but the teacher may not be reliable at every position. Existing methods commonly rely on isolated token-level discrepancies, which can be sensitive to noise, or assign a shared step-level weight that may overlook positional variation. We propose Persistent Consistency Self-Distillation (PCSD), which derives token-level distillation weights from the local persistence of teacher-favoring signals. PCSD combines adaptive windows with exponentially decayed aggregation to capture persistent relative teacher support, applies trend-aware modulation to attenuate locally declining support, and produces continuous weights through sigmoid gating. The resulting objective is jointly optimized with GRPO, combining dense teacher guidance with sparse environmental feedback. Without inference-time skills, PCSD achieves the best ALFWorld Overall results among all baselines on both backbones, exceeding GRPO by 15.6 and 13.3 points and SDAR by 6.2 and 5.5 points, while remaining competitive on WebShop and gaining 15.8 points over GRPO on unseen ALFWorld split.
Key facts. Cited by 7 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Reinforcement learning for LLM agents, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 29 of its 37 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 3 Aug 2026.
Builds on
29 of 37 references.
Closest ancestors · 5
Same direction, newest first
- 2026SEED: Self-Evolving On-Policy Distillation for Agentic Reinforcement Learning16 Jul
- 2026OPID: On-Policy Skill Distillation for Agentic Reinforcement Learning25 Jun
- 2026MAD-OPD: Breaking the Ceiling in On-Policy Distillation via Multi-Agent Debate2 May
- 2025Group-in-Group Policy Optimization for LLM Agent Training16 May
- 2025ToolRL: Reward is All Tool Learning Needs16 Apr
Other references · 24
- 2017Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithmscited by 15,215
- 2024DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Modelscited by 9,379
- 2025Qwen3 Technical Reportcited by 8,820
- 2022ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Modelscited by 8,695
- 2023Direct Preference Optimization: Your Language Model is Secretly a Reward Modelcited by 8,065
- 2023SWE-bench: Can Language Models Resolve Real-World GitHub Issues?cited by 3,373
- 2025DAPO: An Open-Source LLM Reinforcement Learning System at Scalecited by 2,810
- 2025Search-R1: Training LLMs to Reason and Leverage Search Engines with Reinforcement Learningcited by 1,444
- 2024τ-bench: A Benchmark for Tool-Agent-User Interaction in Real-World Domainscited by 1,402
- 2022WebShop: Towards Scalable Real-World Web Interaction with Grounded Language Agentscited by 1,251
- 2020ALFWorld: Aligning Text and Embodied Environments for Interactive Learningcited by 1,205
- 2022When Not to Trust Language Models: Investigating Effectiveness of Parametric and Non-Parametric Memoriescited by 1,128
12 more
- 2026DeepSeek-V4: Towards Highly Efficient Million-Token Context Intelligencecited by 1,040
- 2026Kimi K2.5: Visual Agentic Intelligencecited by 501
- 2024AndroidWorld: A Dynamic Benchmarking Environment for Autonomous Agentscited by 468
- 2026Rethinking On-Policy Distillation of Large Language Models: Phenomenology, Mechanism, and Recipecited by 299
- 2024WebRL: Training LLM Web Agents via Self-Evolving Online Curriculum Reinforcement Learningcited by 256
- 2025Mobile-Agent-v3: Fundamental Agents for GUI Automationcited by 190
- 2026On-Policy Context Distillation for Language Modelscited by 186
- 2024RLEF: Grounding Code LLMs in Execution Feedback with Reinforcement Learningcited by 151
- 2026SKILL0: In-Context Agentic Reinforcement Learning for Skill Internalizationcited by 94
- 2026TCOD: Exploring Temporal Curriculum in On-Policy Distillation for Multi-turn Autonomous Agentscited by 47
- 2025GVPO: Group Variance Policy Optimization for Large Language Model Post-Trainingcited by 32
- 2026PhysAgent: Automating Physics-Based 4D Synthesis via Trajectory-Grounded Multi-Agent Feedbackcited by 5
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 7.
7 papers.
- 2026AgenticRag-R1: Agentic Reinforcement Learning with Stack Memory for Multi-Step Reasoning, Retrieval and Memorizingcited by 2
- 2026PR-OPD: Privileged Representation On-policy Self-Distillation for Agentic Reinforcement Learningcited by 1
- 2026DRG-MAPPO: Hierarchical Dynamic Role-Graph Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning for Cooperative Air Combatcited by 0
- 2026OpenFC: Learning Verification Policies towards Open-Search Fact Checkingcited by 0
- 2026Know Thyself, Teach Thyself: Internal Information Flow for Selective Self-Distillationcited by 0
- 2026EVOKE: Eliciting World Knowledge in Agents for Transferable Decision-Makingcited by 0
- 2026More Methods, Better Agents? A Reality Check on Self-Distillation in Agentic Reinforcement Learningcited by 0
- 2026More Methods, Better Agents? A Reality Check on Self-Distillation in Agentic Reinforcement Learning14 Oct 2026
- 2026EVOKE: Eliciting World Knowledge in Agents for Transferable Decision-Making29 Sep 2026
- 2026Know Thyself, Teach Thyself: Internal Information Flow for Selective Self-Distillation29 Sep 2026
- 2026PR-OPD: Privileged Representation On-policy Self-Distillation for Agentic Reinforcement Learning29 Sep 2026
- 2026OpenFC: Learning Verification Policies towards Open-Search Fact Checking27 Sep 2026
- 2026DRG-MAPPO: Hierarchical Dynamic Role-Graph Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning for Cooperative Air Combat10 Sep 2026
- 2026AgenticRag-R1: Agentic Reinforcement Learning with Stack Memory for Multi-Step Reasoning, Retrieval and Memorizing30 Aug 2026
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2026RetireOPD: Self-Retiring On-Policy Distillation for Agentic Reinforcement Learning
- 2026ATOD: Annealed Turn-Aware On-Policy Distillation for Multi-Turn Agentic Tasks
- 2026Self-Distilled Agentic Reinforcement Learning
- 2026Agentic Reinforcement Learning with Observation-Calibrated Self-Distillation
- 2026Skill-SD: Skill-Conditioned Self-Distillation for Multi-turn LLM Agents
- 2026SIPO: Unifying Reinforcement Learning with On-Policy Self-Distillation
- 2026Group-Reflective Self-Distillation for Agentic Reinforcement Learning
- 2026On the Geometry of On-Policy Distillation