TokTier: Exact Stateful CPU+GPU Tokenization for Agentic LLM Serving
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Abstract (arXiv)
LLM serving caches prompt KV state, yet most front ends still re-tokenize the full request on every call. Coding agents pay most: sessions repeatedly submit a long transcript after a small append, which can shift token boundaries near the end of the prior sequence. Across 153,951 calls the median append is ~1.4K characters; only 1.0-3.6% of calls start or rebuild a session, yet those carrymulti-million-character contexts. Fleet prompt-cache hit rate is 94.1%, and as it approaches 0.99, tokenization grows from 10% to 64% of time to first token (TTFT) in component measurements. TokTier is a stateful CPU+GPU tokenization service for this two-mode workload, under one contract: emitted token IDs are always identical to full reference tokenization. For session continuations it re-tokenizes a small window around the append and splices only when a per-request check finds a stable pre-tokenization boundary; failed checks widen the window or fall back to full reference tokenization. For calls without a reusable prefix it runs exact GPT-family regex pre-tokenization and BPE on a GPU. A sampled shadow verifier re-checks live traffic. Across 17 production tokenizer families, differential campaigns cover 1.5x10^10 split checks, a 12.4 TB real-text corpus, and 93,000+ replayed agent steps, with zero divergence. Incremental repair takes 0.5-1.1 ms from 100K to 3M characters, up to 437x faster than HF tokenization and 2.1x faster at 1M characters than the strongest cache-based baseline (Gigatoken) fully prewarmed. GPU tokenization encodes a 1M-character request in 0.87 ms, up to 491x below HF and 23.4x below the fastest published CPU method on the same protocol. With vLLM, median TTFT drops 16-34% and P99 TTFT 23% under recorded bursts. Under a 50 ms P99 objective, a four-core repair pool plus one GPU sustains 1,821 requests/s, where a 16-core stateless front end saturates at 40 requests/s.
Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 10 of its 35 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 31 Jul 2026.
Builds on
10 of 35 references.
References · 10
- 2022ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Modelscited by 8,695
- 2023Efficient Memory Management for Large Language Model Serving with PagedAttentioncited by 5,944
- 2023SGLang: Efficient Execution of Structured Language Model Programscited by 1,141
- 2024DistServe: Disaggregating Prefill and Decoding for Goodput-optimized Large Language Model Servingcited by 617
- 2023Splitwise: Efficient generative LLM inference using phase splittingcited by 558
- 2023CacheGen: KV Cache Compression and Streaming for Fast Large Language Model Servingcited by 203
- 2024BurstGPT: A Real-world Workload Dataset to Optimize LLM Serving Systemscited by 87
- 2026TraceLab: Characterizing Coding Agent Workloads for LLM Servingcited by 16
- 2026CacheWise: Understanding Workloads and Optimizing KVCache Management for Efficiently Serving LLM Coding Agentscited by 10
- 2026GPUTOK: GPU Accelerated Byte Level BPE Tokenizationcited by 3
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 4.
4 papers.
- 2026Taking Tokenization off the Host for Agentic LLM Servingcited by 1
- 2026Ready Cohorts: Bounding GPU Opportunity and Avoiding Host Round Trips in LLM-Agent Controlcited by 0
- 2026Component-Weighted Centroid Search for Exact Incremental BPEcited by 0
- 2026Delta Tokenizer: Reference-Identical Tokenization of Session Deltas and Segment-Parallelism for Long Prompts on Multicore CPUscited by 0
- 2026Delta Tokenizer: Reference-Identical Tokenization of Session Deltas and Segment-Parallelism for Long Prompts on Multicore CPUs14 Oct 2026
- 2026Taking Tokenization off the Host for Agentic LLM Serving9 Oct 2026
- 2026Component-Weighted Centroid Search for Exact Incremental BPE30 Sep 2026
- 2026Ready Cohorts: Bounding GPU Opportunity and Avoiding Host Round Trips in LLM-Agent Control12 Aug 2026
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2026Total Cost of Agency: Exact Attribution of Memory Injection Cost in Multi-Agent LLM Workflows
- 2026Tokalator: A Context Engineering Toolkit for Artificial Intelligence Coding Assistants ↗
- 2026TokEval: A Tokenizer Evaluation Suite
- 2026Reducing Token Usage of State-in-Context Agents using Minification
- 2025Ascendra: Dynamic Request Prioritization for Efficient LLM Serving
- 2026Working Around the Compute Ceiling: Byte-Exact Memory in Galahad Makes LLM Reading a One-Time Cost LLM Reading a One-Time Cost
- 2025Mitigating KV Cache Competition to Enhance User Experience in LLM Inference
- 2026TokenRouter: Efficient Serving System for Token-Level LLM Routing