mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

GPUTOK: GPU Accelerated Byte Level BPE Tokenization

arXiv 2603.02597 ↗First posted 3 Mar 2026cs.CL cs.AI cs.DCcited by 1

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Abstract (arXiv)

As large language models move toward million-token context windows, CPU tokenizers become a major slowdown because they process text one step at a time while powerful GPUs sit unused. We built a GPU-based byte-level BPE tokenizer that follows GPT-2's merge rules. It includes a basic BlockBPE-style kernel and a faster, optimized version that uses cuCollections static map, CUB reductions, and a pybind11 interface for Python. On WikiText103 sequences up to 131k tokens, the optimized GPU tokenizer produces the same tokens as a CPU version and, for the longest inputs, is about 1.7x faster than tiktoken and about 7.6x faster than the HuggingFace GPT-2 tokenizer. Nsight profiling shows that 70-80% of CUDA API time goes to memory allocation, so adding memory pooling should give the biggest speed boost next. Tests on generation tasks using WikiText103 prompts show that our GPU tokenizer's outputs stay within about one percentage point of tiktoken and HuggingFace GPT-2 on similarity and overlap metrics, meaning it keeps output quality while making long-context inference more practical.

Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 4 of its 9 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 3 Mar 2026.

Builds on

4 of 9 references.

References · 4

  1. 2019BPE-Dropout: Simple and Effective Subword Regularizationcited by 189
  2. 2018An Analysis of Neural Language Modeling at Multiple Scalescited by 31
  3. 2025Parity-Aware Byte-Pair Encoding: Improving Cross-lingual Fairness in Tokenizationcited by 18
  4. 2025BlockBPE: Parallel BPE Tokenizationcited by 3

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