mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Draining the Energy Commons: Self-Defeating Over-Appropriation as a Coordination Failure in Agentic LLM Collectives

arXiv 2607.22188 ↗First posted 24 Jul 2026cs.MAcited by 1

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Social simulation and multi-agent debate

Abstract (arXiv)

LLMs are increasingly deployed as agents that plan, use tools, and act over time. When they share persistent resources, such as compute pools or energy reserves, decisions by one agent affect the conditions faced by later agents. We study this coordination failure in a renewable energy commons. Four same-family GPT, Gemini, or Grok agents act in homogeneous self-play as electricity prosumers, instructed to maximize operational continuity. Holding aggregate residual demand and the decision protocol fixed, we vary the regeneration rate of a shared energy reserve from abundance to scarcity. All three families preserve the reserve when demand does not exceed peak renewable replacement, but over-appropriate it beyond that threshold (all nine exact scarcity contrasts survive Holm correction; largest adjusted p = 4.87e-5). The pattern is self-defeating: the same populations protect current service while undermining future service. At higher scarcity (rho = 1.2), early aggregate request pressure exceeds peak renewable replacement in every family and averages 1.21 times that level. Mean trajectories fall below the reserve level of maximum replenishment by rounds 5-7. Two offline benchmarks compare a social planner maximizing group-wide operational-service value with open access, where each prosumer maximizes its own value. At a discount factor of gamma = 0.95, both benchmarks sustain the reserve under the same dynamics. Realized depletion instead resembles outcomes under a more impatient open-access benchmark. The populations therefore behave like impatient optimizers at the level of the public trajectory. This system-level alignment failure would be missed by isolated-response evaluation.

Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Social simulation and multi-agent debate, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 33 of its 71 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 24 Jul 2026.

Builds on

33 of 71 references.

Closest ancestors · 3

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2026CoopEval: Benchmarking Cooperation-Sustaining Mechanisms and LLM Agents in Social Dilemmas16 Apr
  2. 2025The Role of Social Learning and Collective Norm Formation in Fostering Cooperation in LLM Multi-Agent Systems16 Oct
  3. 2024Cooperate or Collapse: Emergence of Sustainable Cooperation in a Society of LLM Agents25 Apr

Other references · 30

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  5. 2022The Effects of Reward Misspecification: Mapping and Mitigating Misaligned Modelscited by 312
  6. 2019Measurement and Fairnesscited by 299
  7. 2017A Unified Game-Theoretic Approach to Multiagent Reinforcement Learningcited by 265
  8. 2022The Alignment Problem from a Deep Learning Perspectivecited by 246
  9. 2023Playing repeated games with Large Language Modelscited by 213
  10. 2020Open Problems in Cooperative AIcited by 167
  11. 2025Multi-Agent Risks from Advanced AIcited by 150
  12. 2021Goal Misgeneralization in Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 122
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  1. 2022Goal Misgeneralization: Why Correct Specifications Aren't Enough For Correct Goalscited by 120
  2. 2017AI Safety Gridworldscited by 108
  3. 2021Scalable Evaluation of Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning with Melting Potcited by 97
  4. 2017A multi-agent reinforcement learning model of common-pool resource appropriationcited by 68
  5. 2024Algorithmic Collusion by Large Language Modelscited by 54
  6. 2023Strategic Behavior of Large Language Models: Game Structure vs. Contextual Framingcited by 49
  7. 2019Rethinking the Discount Factor in Reinforcement Learning: A Decision Theoretic Approachcited by 32
  8. 2025Characterizing AI Agents for Alignment and Governancecited by 30
  9. 2024Strategic Collusion of LLM Agents: Market Division in Multi-Commodity Competitionscited by 25
  10. 2025Corrupted by Reasoning: Reasoning Language Models Become Free-Riders in Public Goods Gamescited by 20
  11. 2025MONA: Myopic Optimization with Non-myopic Approval Can Mitigate Multi-step Reward Hackingcited by 19
  12. 2026Institutional AI: Governing LLM Collusion in Multi-Agent Cournot Markets via Public Governance Graphscited by 17
  13. 2024Empirical Game-Theoretic Analysis: A Surveycited by 13
  14. 2023Towards the Scalable Evaluation of Cooperativeness in Language Modelscited by 12
  15. 2025Beyond Single-Agent Safety: A Taxonomy of Risks in LLM-to-LLM Interactionscited by 10
  16. 2026More Capable, Less Cooperative? When LLMs Fail At Zero-Cost Collaborationcited by 7
  17. 2026Institutional AI: A Governance Framework for Distributional AGI Safetycited by 6
  18. 2026Bosses, Kings, and the Commons: Cooperation Under Power Asymmetry in LLM Societiescited by 1

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 1.

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