mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

What Do Deepfake Speech Detectors Actually Hear?

arXiv 2606.10912 ↗First posted 9 Jun 2026cs.SD cs.AI cs.CRcited by 0

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Abstract (arXiv)

Deepfake speech detectors often output a single score without explaining why an audio sample is flagged, where in the signal the evidence lies, or what cues drive the decision. We propose an audio-native explainability pipeline using Integrated Gradients on time-aligned self-supervised representations to localize decision evidence over time. We apply the proposed method to three WavLM-based detectors (AASIST, CA-MHFA, SLS) on ASVspoof 5 and manually annotate the highest-attribution regions to provide a semantic meaning of the most important cues. Despite similar performance, the detectors rely on different cues: AASIST emphasizes non-speech/environment cues, CA-MHFA focuses on localized phoneme artifacts, and SLS relies on word boundaries and spectral integrity. We move beyond speculative reasoning and validate our findings by causal masking of the primary detector cues. Observed performance degradation further supports the explained detector semantics.

Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 19 of its 31 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 9 Jun 2026.

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19 of 31 references.

References · 19

  1. 2016"Why Should I Trust You?": Explaining the Predictions of Any Classifiercited by 5,070
  2. 2020wav2vec 2.0: A Framework for Self-Supervised Learning of Speech Representationscited by 3,905
  3. 2017Axiomatic Attribution for Deep Networkscited by 3,384
  4. 2021WavLM: Large-Scale Self-Supervised Pre-Training for Full Stack Speech Processingcited by 1,657
  5. 2021YourTTS: Towards Zero-Shot Multi-Speaker TTS and Zero-Shot Voice Conversion for everyonecited by 278
  6. 2021AASIST: Audio Anti-Spoofing using Integrated Spectro-Temporal Graph Attention Networkscited by 180
  7. 2024ASVspoof 5: Crowdsourced Speech Data, Deepfakes, and Adversarial Attacks at Scalecited by 91
  8. 2021RawBoost: A Raw Data Boosting and Augmentation Method applied to Automatic Speaker Verification Anti-Spoofingcited by 67
  9. 2021Explaining deep learning models for spoofing and deepfake detection with SHapley Additive exPlanationscited by 13
  10. 2024BUT Systems and Analyses for the ASVspoof 5 Challengecited by 12
  11. 2024Exploring WavLM Back-ends for Speech Spoofing and Deepfake Detectioncited by 10
  12. 2024AASIST3: KAN-Enhanced AASIST Speech Deepfake Detection using SSL Features and Additional Regularization for the ASVspoof 2024 Challengecited by 9
7 more
  1. 2024Diffuse or Confuse: A Diffusion Deepfake Speech Datasetcited by 8
  2. 2025SCDF: A Speaker Characteristics DeepFake Speech Dataset for Bias Analysiscited by 6
  3. 2022Explainable deepfake and spoofing detection: an attack analysis using SHapley Additive exPlanationscited by 5
  4. 2024SZU-AFS Antispoofing System for the ASVspoof 5 Challengecited by 5
  5. 2024CA-MHFA: A Context-Aware Multi-Head Factorized Attentive Pooling for SSL-Based Speaker Verificationcited by 5
  6. 2026Evolutionary Multi-Objective Fusion of Deepfake Speech Detectorscited by 4
  7. 2025Hybrid Pruning: In-Situ Compression of Self-Supervised Speech Models for Speaker Verification and Anti-Spoofingcited by 3

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