mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Report the Floor: A Training-Free Conformal Interval Is a Mandatory Baseline for Probabilistic Time-Series Forecasting

arXiv 2606.09473 ↗First posted 8 Jun 2026stat.ML cs.LGcited by 0

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Abstract (arXiv)

Probabilistic forecasters are increasingly learned, yet the baselines they are compared against are often weak or omitted. We show that the simplest possible conformal interval - a last-value point forecast wrapped in a finite-sample split-conformal residual quantile, with no parameters and no training - is a far stronger baseline than its near-total absence from recent learned-forecasting and conformal-time-series comparisons would suggest. In one-step-ahead online forecasting across 2,217 real series from nine public sources (Monash, LOTSA, the LTSF traffic/electricity/weather suites, METR-LA, BOOM, nips/probts), this ConformalNaive interval decisively beats the naive value-quantile baselines, the entire NPTS family (NPTS 73%, SeasonalNPTS 64% of series), and the published Conformal Seasonal Pools (CSP) method (71% of series, bootstrap 95% CI [69,73], paired Wilcoxon p approx 7.6e-135); it is on par with the simpler learned conformal predictors (RCI, quantile regression; median relative Winkler within 2%) and is beaten only by the adaptive-online and ensemble methods (SPCI, ACI, AgACI), which track distribution shift and lead by 9-33% relative Winkler. It is also better calibrated than a trained neural forecaster: on the six datasets that introduced DeepNPTS, the trivial floors cover the truth 84-85% of the time at a nominal 95%, versus DeepNPTS's 66%. At multi-step seasonal horizons the picture inverts: the random-walk floor is the weakest method and the seasonal pool (CSP) wins - a boundary we map. Finally we give ConformalNaive+, a one-line, training-free, horizon-adaptive selector that attains the better of two complementary floors at every horizon with restored coverage. We argue the matching conformal naive floor must be a mandatory baseline whenever a learned probabilistic forecaster claims gains.

Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 13 of its 30 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 8 Jun 2026.

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References · 13

  1. 2022Are Transformers Effective for Time Series Forecasting?cited by 1,400
  2. 2019Temporal Fusion Transformers for Interpretable Multi-horizon Time Series Forecastingcited by 748
  3. 2019N-BEATS: Neural basis expansion analysis for interpretable time series forecastingcited by 744
  4. 2016Distribution-Free Predictive Inference For Regressioncited by 657
  5. 2019Conformalized Quantile Regressioncited by 620
  6. 2024Unified Training of Universal Time Series Forecasting Transformerscited by 588
  7. 2021Adaptive Conformal Inference Under Distribution Shiftcited by 360
  8. 2022Conformal prediction beyond exchangeabilitycited by 348
  9. 2022Adaptive Conformal Predictions for Time Seriescited by 155
  10. 2022N-HiTS: Neural Hierarchical Interpolation for Time Series Forecastingcited by 146
  11. 2022Sequential Predictive Conformal Inference for Time Seriescited by 71
  12. 2020Conformal prediction for time seriescited by 53
1 more
  1. 2026Training-Free Probabilistic Time-Series Forecasting with Conformal Seasonal Poolscited by 1

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