mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Toward Human-Centered Multi-Agent Systems: Integrating Cognition, Culture, Values, and Cooperation in AI Agents

arXiv 2606.08274 ↗First posted 6 Jun 2026cs.MAcited by 0

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → General LLM agent frameworks and benchmarks

Abstract (arXiv)

The emergence of large language model (LLM)-based agents and multi-agent systems has enabled a shift from narrow task automation to more autonomous decision-making. Despite progress in language generation, planning, tool use, and coordination, most agents still treat intelligence as prediction, optimization, and task completion. Human environments are social and normative, where people reason under bounded rationality, communicate in culturally situated language, and make decisions guided by values, beliefs, trust, and social norms. This survey argues that future AI agents, especially those acting on behalf of humans, must move beyond task competence toward human-centered capabilities. We review research across six areas: (1) evolution of intelligent agents, (2) human cognition and decision-making, (3) language, culture, and social context, (4) human values and belief systems, (5) human-agent collaboration, and (6) multi-agent coordination and modeling of human characteristics. We synthesize work from cognitive science, sociolinguistics, computational social science, and AI alignment, along with recent advances in LLM agents, cultural alignment benchmarks, preference learning, explainability, and agent societies. We identify a key gap: existing systems do not provide a unified framework integrating cognition, culture, values, and social behavior into autonomous agents. We conclude with directions for building culturally aware, value-aligned, cognitively grounded, and cooperative multi-agent systems.

Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in General LLM agent frameworks and benchmarks, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 24 of its 61 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 6 Jun 2026.

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24 of 61 references.

Closest ancestors · 5

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2025Multi-Agent Collaboration Mechanisms: A Survey of LLMs10 Jan
  2. 2024A Survey on LLM-based Multi-Agent System: Recent Advances and New Frontiers in Application23 Dec
  3. 2024Large Language Model-based Human-Agent Collaboration for Complex Task Solving20 Feb
  4. 2023The Rise and Potential of Large Language Model Based Agents: A Survey14 Sep
  5. 2023A Survey on Large Language Model based Autonomous Agents22 Aug

Other references · 19

  1. 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,419
  2. 2022Large Language Models are Zero-Shot Reasonerscited by 4,374
  3. 2016Concrete Problems in AI Safetycited by 1,642
  4. 2017Towards A Rigorous Science of Interpretable Machine Learningcited by 1,416
  5. 2023Character-LLM: A Trainable Agent for Role-Playingcited by 339
  6. 2023Assessing Cross-Cultural Alignment between ChatGPT and Human Societies: An Empirical Studycited by 206
  7. 2024Quantifying the Persona Effect in LLM Simulationscited by 169
  8. 2023Cultural Alignment in Large Language Models: An Explanatory Analysis Based on Hofstede's Cultural Dimensionscited by 112
  9. 2023Humanoid Agents: Platform for Simulating Human-like Generative Agentscited by 73
  10. 2024PERSONA: A Reproducible Testbed for Pluralistic Alignmentcited by 73
  11. 2025A Survey on Personalized Alignment -- The Missing Piece for Large Language Models in Real-World Applicationscited by 42
  12. 2025PersonaX: A Recommendation Agent Oriented User Modeling Framework for Long Behavior Sequencecited by 33
7 more
  1. 2025Theory of Mind in Large Language Models: Assessment and Enhancementcited by 25
  2. 2024Modeling Human Subjectivity in LLMs Using Explicit and Implicit Human Factors in Personascited by 23
  3. 2025The Coming Crisis of Multi-Agent Misalignment: AI Alignment Must Be a Dynamic and Social Processcited by 21
  4. 2023Aligning Large Language Models with Human Opinions through Persona Selection and Value--Belief--Norm Reasoningcited by 19
  5. 2025DEEPER Insight into Your User: Directed Persona Refinement for Dynamic Persona Modelingcited by 10
  6. 2025A Survey of Theory of Mind in Large Language Models: Evaluations, Representations, and Safety Riskscited by 8
  7. 2024Cognitive LLMs: Towards Integrating Cognitive Architectures and Large Language Models for Manufacturing Decision-makingcited by 5

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  5. 2025Multi-Agent Language Models: Advancing Cooperation, Coordination, and Adaptation
  6. 2024Multi-Agent, Human-Agent and Beyond: A Survey on Cooperation in Social Dilemmas
  7. 2025Towards Cognitive Synergy in LLM-Based Multi-Agent Systems: Integrating Theory of Mind and Critical Evaluation
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