TEVI: Text-Conditioned Editing of Visual Representations via Sparse Autoencoders for Improved Vision-Language Alignment

Vision-language models such as CLIP are highly useful for diverse tasks due to their shared image-text embedding space. Despite this, the image and text embeddings are often poorly aligned, affecting downstream performance. Recent work has hypothesized that this can be attributed to an information imbalance: images contain more information than their captions describe. In this work, we propose TEVI, a framework that uses captions as a signal for what to retain from image embeddings. Specifically, we use sparse autoencoders to disentangle image embeddings and train a masking module to selectively reconstruct the embedding based on a given caption. In a controlled setup with synthetic captions, we show that TEVI is effective at preserving caption-described attributes while discarding others. We find that this extends to CLIP models trained on natural images, where TEVI learns to mask meaningfully and allows retrieval based on conditioning. Finally, we use TEVI to achieve improved retrieval performance across coarse-grained and fine-grained benchmarks. Code available at https://github.com/neuroexplicit-saar/TEVI.