mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

BADGER: Bridging Agentic and Deterministic Evaluation for Generative Enterprise Reasoning

arXiv 2606.02109 ↗First posted 1 Jun 2026cs.AIcited by 0

On the map: LLM reasoning → Reasoning for agents, planning and code

also in 1 more
Abstract (arXiv)

Enterprise AI systems that translate natural language into SQL queries and orchestrate multi-step agentic reasoning pipelines require evaluation approaches fundamentally different from academic benchmarks. Spider and BIRD established execution-accuracy protocols; G-Eval and RAGAS advanced LLM-based assessment; and recent work such as Spider 2.0, BEAVER, and BIRD-Interact has begun to address enterprise and agentic dimensions. No single framework unifies text-to-SQL assessment with agentic behavior evaluation into a production-grade pipeline calibrated against human expert judgment. We present BADGER, developed at Merkle, a unified evaluation framework integrating text-to-SQL assessment with agentic behavior evaluation. BADGER offers three contributions. First, LLM-assisted SQL component extraction extending Spider methodology to handle CTE-heavy, dialect-specific SQL. Second, a hybrid execution accuracy metric (Hybrid-EX) resolving column-aliasing and numeric-tolerance brittleness by using an LLM to infer structural alignments before deterministic cell-level scoring. Validated on 150 human-annotated industry queries, Hybrid-EX achieves Cohen's kappa=0.717 [95% CI: 0.600-0.822] (Substantial agreement) and 87.3% balanced accuracy, outperforming all six competing frameworks (Delta-kappa: 0.322-0.502, all p<=0.001). Third, an enterprise agentic evaluation suite assembling RAGAS, G-Eval, and agent benchmark metrics into a unified pipeline; Excess Tool Usage is the sole novel element. BADGER runs entirely within the client's governed data environment, supports configurable LLM judge backends, and enables rapid prototyping of client-specific judges and metrics, serving as a continuous evaluation backbone rather than a one-time quality gate.

Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Reasoning for agents, planning and code, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 26 of its 46 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 1 Jun 2026.

Builds on

26 of 46 references.

References · 26

  1. 2023Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arenacited by 8,393
  2. 2022ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Modelscited by 8,355
  3. 2023Reflexion: Language Agents with Verbal Reinforcement Learningcited by 4,064
  4. 2023G-Eval: NLG Evaluation using GPT-4 with Better Human Alignmentcited by 2,205
  5. 2023Gorilla: Large Language Model Connected with Massive APIscited by 1,302
  6. 2023AgentBench: Evaluating LLMs as Agentscited by 1,211
  7. 2018Spider: A Large-Scale Human-Labeled Dataset for Complex and Cross-Domain Semantic Parsing and Text-to-SQL Taskcited by 1,120
  8. 2017Seq2SQL: Generating Structured Queries from Natural Language using Reinforcement Learningcited by 679
  9. 2023Can LLM Already Serve as A Database Interface? A BIg Bench for Large-Scale Database Grounded Text-to-SQLscited by 667
  10. 2020SummEval: Re-evaluating Summarization Evaluationcited by 666
  11. 2023Plan-and-Solve Prompting: Improving Zero-Shot Chain-of-Thought Reasoning by Large Language Modelscited by 550
  12. 2023DIN-SQL: Decomposed In-Context Learning of Text-to-SQL with Self-Correctioncited by 465
14 more
  1. 2023Ragas: Automated Evaluation of Retrieval Augmented Generationcited by 408
  2. 2023Text-to-SQL Empowered by Large Language Models: A Benchmark Evaluationcited by 378
  3. 2024Spider 2.0: Evaluating Language Models on Real-World Enterprise Text-to-SQL Workflowscited by 223
  4. 2023FLASK: Fine-grained Language Model Evaluation based on Alignment Skill Setscited by 198
  5. 2019CoSQL: A Conversational Text-to-SQL Challenge Towards Cross-Domain Natural Language Interfaces to Databasescited by 180
  6. 2019SParC: Cross-Domain Semantic Parsing in Contextcited by 141
  7. 2020Semantic Evaluation for Text-to-SQL with Distilled Test Suitescited by 123
  8. 2021KaggleDBQA: Realistic Evaluation of Text-to-SQL Parserscited by 105
  9. 2024The Dawn of Natural Language to SQL: Are We Fully Ready?cited by 78
  10. 2023Dr.Spider: A Diagnostic Evaluation Benchmark towards Text-to-SQL Robustnesscited by 50
  11. 2024BEAVER: An Enterprise Benchmark for Text-to-SQLcited by 37
  12. 2023UNITE: A Unified Benchmark for Text-to-SQL Evaluationcited by 14
  13. 2024FLEX: Expert-level False-Less EXecution Metric for Reliable Text-to-SQL Benchmarkcited by 11
  14. 2020MT-Teql: Evaluating and Augmenting Consistency of Text-to-SQL Models with Metamorphic Testingcited by 3

Built on by

Not cited yet.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2026Agentic-SQL Revisited: Autonomy-Based Taxonomy and Empirical Benchmark Analysis for LLM Text-to-SQL
  2. 2025Towards a Standard, Enterprise-Relevant Agentic AI Benchmark: Lessons from 5.5 billion tokens' worth of agentic AI evaluations
  3. 2026AgentJudgeBench: A Multi-Difficulty Benchmark for Evaluating LLM Judges on Agentic Tool-Calling
  4. 2026Agent-as-a-Judge
  5. 2026AgenticRAG: Agentic Retrieval for Enterprise Knowledge Bases
  6. 2026AgentSM: Semantic Memory for Agentic Text-to-SQL
  7. 2026A Framework for Assessing AI Agent Decisions and Outcomes in AutoML Pipelines
  8. 2026EnterpriseVal: Quantifying the Efficacy, Reliability and Value of Generative AI in the Enterprise