mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Governing Technical Debt in Agentic AI Systems

arXiv 2605.29129 ↗First posted 27 May 2026cs.AI cs.CY econ.GNcited by 1

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Software engineering coding agents

Abstract (arXiv)

Agentic AI systems are increasingly being explored as production infrastructure: they reason over multiple steps, call tools, act through workflows, and adapt through memory and feedback. These systems create governance challenges that are not fully captured by traditional software or predictive ML technical debt. We define Agentic Technical Debt as the accumulated liability created when prompts, memory, tool schemas, orchestration graphs, control policies, and observability routines are patched together faster than they can be validated, standardized, and governed. We define Stochastic Tax as the recurring operating burden of keeping probabilistic agent behavior within acceptable bounds. The distinction matters: debt is a stock of design and governance liability, while the tax is a flow of operating cost that arises because stochastic agents act through tools and workflows. We outline how managers can make both visible through lightweight dashboards and governance controls.

Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Software engineering coding agents, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 3 of its 7 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 27 May 2026.

Builds on

3 of 7 references.

References · 3

  1. 2022ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Modelscited by 8,355
  2. 2021On the Opportunities and Risks of Foundation Modelscited by 3,961
  3. 2026Modeling Agentic Technical Debt and Stochastic Tax: A Standalone Framework for Measurement, Simulation, and Dashboardingcited by 1

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 1.

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Similar, not cited

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  1. 2026From AI Technical Debt to Agentic Technical Debt: A Systematic Mapping of Root Causes and Manifestations in Agentic AI Systems
  2. 2026Watts and Debts of Agentic Frameworks: An Empirical Study (Registered Report)
  3. 2026The CASE Framework: A Multi-Disciplinary Control Architecture for Governing Enterprise Agentic AI
  4. 2025Architectures for Building Agentic AI
  5. 2026Governance by Design: Architecting Agentic AI for Organizational Learning and Scalable Autonomy
  6. 2026SARC: A Governance-by-Architecture Framework for Agentic AI Systems
  7. 2026Towards Agentic AI Governance: A Preliminary Assessment
  8. 2026Behavioral Governance for Autonomous AI Agents: The AgentBound Framework