mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Soro: A Lightweight Foundation Model and Chatbot for Tajik

arXiv 2605.27379 ↗First posted 9 Apr 2026cs.AI cs.CLcited by 2

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Abstract (arXiv)

We present Soro, a family of Tajik-specialized conversational large language models (LLMs) designed for real-world deployment under tight compute and connectivity constraints in Tajikistan. Starting from open-weight Gemma 3 checkpoints, we perform Tajik-only continual pretraining on a curated 1.9-billion-token corpus spanning filtered web text, PDF documents, and curriculum-aligned educational materials, followed by supervised instruction tuning on 40K Tajik teacher-style examples. To enable rigorous evaluation despite the limited coverage of Tajik in standard benchmarks, we introduce a suite of Tajik benchmarks covering general knowledge, linguistic competence, and school- and university entrance-exam domains, and we open-source them on Hugging Face. Across these Tajik benchmarks, Soro substantially outperforms same-size Gemma 3 baselines while retaining strong English performance on standard datasets. We further show that FP8 and INT4 quantization of Soro preserves most Tajik-language gains while reducing memory requirements for edge deployment, supporting an ongoing education-sector pilot and planned scale-out across schools in Tajikistan.

Key facts. Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 20 of its 32 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 9 Apr 2026.

Builds on

20 of 32 references.

References · 20

  1. 2021LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Modelscited by 14,380
  2. 2020Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understandingcited by 7,963
  3. 2021Finetuned Language Models Are Zero-Shot Learnerscited by 3,780
  4. 2022GPTQ: Accurate Post-Training Quantization for Generative Pre-trained Transformerscited by 1,919
  5. 2020Don't Stop Pretraining: Adapt Language Models to Domains and Taskscited by 1,565
  6. 2022Model soups: averaging weights of multiple fine-tuned models improves accuracy without increasing inference timecited by 1,396
  7. 2022Editing Models with Task Arithmeticcited by 1,120
  8. 2023TIES-Merging: Resolving Interference When Merging Modelscited by 818
  9. 2023Language Models are Super Mario: Absorbing Abilities from Homologous Models as a Free Lunchcited by 694
  10. 2024Arcee's MergeKit: A Toolkit for Merging Large Language Modelscited by 194
  11. 2023The BigScience ROOTS Corpus: A 1.6TB Composite Multilingual Datasetcited by 148
  12. 2022Lifting the Curse of Multilinguality by Pre-training Modular Transformerscited by 146
8 more
  1. 2025FineWeb2: One Pipeline to Scale Them All -- Adapting Pre-Training Data Processing to Every Languagecited by 143
  2. 2022FP8 Quantization: The Power of the Exponentcited by 88
  3. 2024Asymmetry in Low-Rank Adapters of Foundation Modelscited by 86
  4. 2024Breaking the Curse of Multilinguality with Cross-lingual Expert Language Modelscited by 38
  5. 2024TeenyTinyLlama: open-source tiny language models trained in Brazilian Portuguesecited by 13
  6. 2023VinaLLaMA: LLaMA-based Vietnamese Foundation Modelcited by 10
  7. 2025Rethinking Multilingual Continual Pretraining: Data Mixing for Adapting LLMs Across Languages and Resourcescited by 10
  8. 2024Large Malaysian Language Model Based on Mistral for Enhanced Local Language Understandingcited by 4

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 2.

2 papers.

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