Benchmarking Large Language Models for Persian: A Preliminary Study Focusing on ChatGPT
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Abstract (arXiv)
This paper explores the efficacy of large language models (LLMs) for Persian. While ChatGPT and consequent LLMs have shown remarkable performance in English, their efficiency for more low-resource languages remains an open question. We present the first comprehensive benchmarking study of LLMs across diverse Persian language tasks. Our primary focus is on GPT-3.5-turbo, but we also include GPT-4 and OpenChat-3.5 to provide a more holistic evaluation. Our assessment encompasses a diverse set of tasks categorized into classic, reasoning, and knowledge-based domains. To enable a thorough comparison, we evaluate LLMs against existing task-specific fine-tuned models. Given the limited availability of Persian datasets for reasoning tasks, we introduce two new benchmarks: one based on elementary school math questions and another derived from the entrance exams for 7th and 10th grades. Our findings reveal that while LLMs, especially GPT-4, excel in tasks requiring reasoning abilities and a broad understanding of general knowledge, they often lag behind smaller pre-trained models fine-tuned specifically for particular tasks. Additionally, we observe improved performance when test sets are translated to English before inputting them into GPT-3.5. These results highlight the significant potential for enhancing LLM performance in the Persian language. This is particularly noteworthy due to the unique attributes of Persian, including its distinct alphabet and writing styles.
Key facts. Cited by 11 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 25 of its 46 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 3 Apr 2024.
Builds on
25 of 46 references.
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Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 2; 2025: 6; 2026: 3.
11 papers.
- 2025PerCul: A Story-Driven Cultural Evaluation of LLMs in Persiancited by 8
- 2025Isolating Culture Neurons in Multilingual Large Language Modelscited by 4
- 2024Extending LLMs to New Languages: A Case Study of Llama and Persian Adaptationcited by 3
- 2024PsychoLex: Unveiling the Psychological Mind of Large Language Modelscited by 2
- 2025Culture Matters in Toxic Language Detection in Persiancited by 1
- 2025Benchmarking Open-Source Large Language Models for Persian in Zero-Shot and Few-Shot Learningcited by 1
- 2025Exploring Subjective Tasks in Farsi: A Survey Analysis and Evaluation of Language Modelscited by 0
- 2025"Be My Cheese?": Assessing Cultural Nuance in Multilingual LLM Translationscited by 0
- 2026Constrained Semantic Decompression in LLMs through Persian Proverb-Conditioned Story Generationcited by 0
- 2026The Annotation Bottleneck in Persian Text NLP: Persian as an Annotation-Scarce Languagecited by 0
- 2026PersianAnonymizer: Evaluating LLM-Labeled Training for Efficient NER-based Anonymization in Persiancited by 0
- 2026PersianAnonymizer: Evaluating LLM-Labeled Training for Efficient NER-based Anonymization in Persian1 Sep 2026
- 2026The Annotation Bottleneck in Persian Text NLP: Persian as an Annotation-Scarce Language25 Aug 2026
- 2026Constrained Semantic Decompression in LLMs through Persian Proverb-Conditioned Story Generation10 Jun 2026
- 2025Benchmarking Open-Source Large Language Models for Persian in Zero-Shot and Few-Shot Learning5 Oct 2025
- 2025"Be My Cheese?": Assessing Cultural Nuance in Multilingual LLM Translations25 Sep 2025
- 2025Exploring Subjective Tasks in Farsi: A Survey Analysis and Evaluation of Language Models6 Sep 2025
- 2025Isolating Culture Neurons in Multilingual Large Language Models4 Aug 2025
- 2025Culture Matters in Toxic Language Detection in Persian3 Jun 2025
- 2025PerCul: A Story-Driven Cultural Evaluation of LLMs in Persian11 Feb 2025
- 2024Extending LLMs to New Languages: A Case Study of Llama and Persian Adaptation17 Dec 2024
- 2024PsychoLex: Unveiling the Psychological Mind of Large Language Models16 Aug 2024
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- 2023A Systematic Study and Comprehensive Evaluation of ChatGPT on Benchmark Datasets
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- 2025PersianMedQA: Evaluating Large Language Models on a Persian-English Bilingual Medical Question Answering Benchmark
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