Sampling from Flow Language Models via Marginal-Conditioned Bridges
On the map: Diffusion models → Discrete and text diffusion
Abstract (arXiv)
Flow Language Models (FLMs) are a recently introduced class of language models which adapt continuous flow matching for one-hot encoded token sequences. Their denoisers have a special structure absent from generic continuous diffusion models: each block of the denoising mean is a posterior marginal distribution over the clean token at that position. Standard DDPM-style samplers collapse these marginals to a single conditional-mean endpoint and bridge toward this simplex-valued point, which is generally not a valid one-hot sequence. We argue that the natural sampler for an FLM is instead posterior-predictive. At each reverse step, we sample a clean one-hot endpoint from the factorized posterior defined by the FLM token marginals, and then sample the next continuous state from the analytic Ornstein--Uhlenbeck bridge conditioned on that endpoint. The method is training-free, uses the same model evaluations as standard sampling, and gives a principled interface for token-level decoding controls such as temperature scaling and nucleus truncation. We show that, under exact posterior marginals, the endpoint approximation error is exactly the conditional multi-information among token positions. The induced one-step bridge kernel preserves all token-wise posterior-predictive marginals and loses only the residual cross-position dependence. Finally, we prove a Girsanov path-space comparison showing that the marginal-conditioned bridge has a no-larger denoising-error term than the frozen conditional-mean bridge, with strict improvement whenever intermediate coordinate-wise bridge observations reveal additional information about the clean token. Experiments with FLMs show that the sampler improves the quality--diversity tradeoff. Code is available at: github.com/imbirik/mcb.
Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Discrete and text diffusion, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 17 of its 25 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 13 May 2026.
Builds on
17 of 25 references.
Closest ancestors · 4
Same direction, newest first
- 2026LangFlow: Continuous Diffusion Rivals Discrete in Language Modeling13 Apr
- 2026Flow Map Language Models: One-step Language Modeling via Continuous Denoising18 Feb
- 2024Logit-KL Flow Matching: Non-Autoregressive Text Generation via Sampling-Hybrid Inference25 Nov
- 2023Discrete Diffusion Modeling by Estimating the Ratios of the Data Distribution25 Oct
Other references · 13
- 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 21,076
- 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,396
- 2020Score-Based Generative Modeling through Stochastic Differential Equationscited by 9,122
- 2015Deep Unsupervised Learning using Nonequilibrium Thermodynamicscited by 7,058
- 2022Flow Matching for Generative Modelingcited by 5,702
- 2019The Curious Case of Neural Text Degenerationcited by 2,916
- 2022Building Normalizing Flows with Stochastic Interpolantscited by 995
- 2023Stochastic Interpolants: A Unifying Framework for Flows and Diffusionscited by 939
- 2022A Continuous Time Framework for Discrete Denoising Modelscited by 451
- 2013One Billion Word Benchmark for Measuring Progress in Statistical Language Modelingcited by 308
- 2024Linear Convergence of Diffusion Models Under the Manifold Hypothesiscited by 45
- 2026Categorical Flow Mapscited by 44
1 more
- 2026Discrete Flow Mapscited by 29
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- 2026Scaling Categorical Flow Maps
- 2026Continuous Diffusion Models Can Obey Formal Syntax
- 2026Window-Diffusion: Accelerating Diffusion Language Model Inference with Windowed Token Pruning and Caching
- 2025Breaking AR's Sampling Bottleneck: Provable Acceleration via Diffusion Language Models