mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

MemFlow: Intent-Driven Memory Orchestration for Small Language Model Agents

arXiv 2605.03312 ↗First posted 5 May 2026cs.MAcited by 3

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Agent memory systems

Abstract (arXiv)

Modern language agents must operate over long-horizon, multi-turn histories, yet deploying such agents with Small Language Models (SLMs) remains fundamentally difficult. Full-context prompting causes context overflow, flat retrieval exposes the model to noisy evidence, and open-ended agentic loops are unreliable under limited reasoning capacity. We argue that a substantial portion of SLM memory failure arises from mismatched memory operations: different query types demand categorically different retrieval strategies, evidence transformations, and context budgets that SLMs cannot reliably self-orchestrate through open-ended reasoning. We introduce MemFlow, a training-free memory orchestration framework that externalizes memory planning from the SLM. A Router Agent classifies each query by intent and dispatches it to the Memory Agent, which executes one of three specialized tiers (Profile Lookup, Targeted Retrieval, or Deep Reasoning) and assembles the resulting evidence under a dynamic, tier-aware token budget. An Answer Agent then generates a response from this compact context, and a Validator Agent optionally retries with a heavier memory tier when the response is not supported by the provided evidence. This route-then-compile design avoids tool-selection hallucination and reasoning loops while keeping the answer context compact. Evaluated on a frozen Qwen3-1.7B backbone across long-horizon memory benchmarks - LongMemEval, LoCoMo, and LongBench - MemFlow improves accuracy by nearly 2x over full-context SLM baselines. These results suggest that structured intent routing and deterministic evidence preparation can make limited-capacity models substantially more effective in resource-constrained long-horizon agents.

Key facts. Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Agent memory systems, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 49 of its 54 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 5 May 2026.

Builds on

49 of 54 references.

Closest ancestors · 6

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2025ENGRAM: Effective, Lightweight Memory Orchestration for Conversational Agents17 Nov
  2. 2025MEM1: Learning to Synergize Memory and Reasoning for Efficient Long-Horizon Agents18 Jun
  3. 2025MemGuide: Intent-Driven Memory Selection for Goal-Oriented Multi-Session LLM Agents26 May
  4. 2025Mem0: Building Production-Ready AI Agents with Scalable Long-Term Memory28 Apr
  5. 2025Zep: A Temporal Knowledge Graph Architecture for Agent Memory20 Jan
  6. 2024Evaluating Very Long-Term Conversational Memory of LLM Agents27 Feb

Other references · 43

  1. 2024The Llama 3 Herd of Modelscited by 14,192
  2. 2020Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Taskscited by 9,160
  3. 2022ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Modelscited by 8,355
  4. 2025Qwen3 Technical Reportcited by 8,195
  5. 2024GPT-4o System Cardcited by 4,467
  6. 2023Toolformer: Language Models Can Teach Themselves to Use Toolscited by 4,072
  7. 2023Reflexion: Language Agents with Verbal Reinforcement Learningcited by 4,064
  8. 2020Dense Passage Retrieval for Open-Domain Question Answeringcited by 3,779
  9. 2022FlashAttention: Fast and Memory-Efficient Exact Attention with IO-Awarenesscited by 3,611
  10. 2023Generative Agents: Interactive Simulacra of Human Behaviorcited by 3,500
  11. 2023Lost in the Middle: How Language Models Use Long Contextscited by 3,383
  12. 2020Longformer: The Long-Document Transformercited by 3,362
31 more
  1. 2020REALM: Retrieval-Augmented Language Model Pre-Trainingcited by 2,126
  2. 2023WebArena: A Realistic Web Environment for Building Autonomous Agentscited by 1,908
  3. 2023AutoGen: Enabling Next-Gen LLM Applications via Multi-Agent Conversationcited by 1,906
  4. 2024Phi-3 Technical Report: A Highly Capable Language Model Locally on Your Phonecited by 1,883
  5. 2023Self-RAG: Learning to Retrieve, Generate, and Critique through Self-Reflectioncited by 1,800
  6. 2025Gemma 3 Technical Reportcited by 1,686
  7. 2020Big Bird: Transformers for Longer Sequencescited by 1,673
  8. 2024From Local to Global: A Graph RAG Approach to Query-Focused Summarizationcited by 1,411
  9. 2023LongBench: A Bilingual, Multitask Benchmark for Long Context Understandingcited by 1,378
  10. 2023Gorilla: Large Language Model Connected with Massive APIscited by 1,302
  11. 2023MemGPT: Towards LLMs as Operating Systemscited by 1,295
  12. 2020Leveraging Passage Retrieval with Generative Models for Open Domain Question Answeringcited by 1,203
  13. 2021Unsupervised Dense Information Retrieval with Contrastive Learningcited by 1,203
  14. 2022Interleaving Retrieval with Chain-of-Thought Reasoning for Knowledge-Intensive Multi-Step Questionscited by 911
  15. 2023H2O: Heavy-Hitter Oracle for Efficient Generative Inference of Large Language Modelscited by 805
  16. 2023FrugalGPT: How to Use Large Language Models While Reducing Cost and Improving Performancecited by 791
  17. 2024LongMemEval: Benchmarking Chat Assistants on Long-Term Interactive Memorycited by 656
  18. 2024RouteLLM: Learning to Route LLMs with Preference Datacited by 633
  19. 2024RAPTOR: Recursive Abstractive Processing for Tree-Organized Retrievalcited by 519
  20. 2023Active Retrieval Augmented Generationcited by 506
  21. 2021ColBERTv2: Effective and Efficient Retrieval via Lightweight Late Interactioncited by 464
  22. 2023LongLLMLingua: Accelerating and Enhancing LLMs in Long Context Scenarios via Prompt Compressioncited by 443
  23. 2024LLMLingua-2: Data Distillation for Efficient and Faithful Task-Agnostic Prompt Compressioncited by 343
  24. 2025SmolLM2: When Smol Goes Big -- Data-Centric Training of a Small Language Modelcited by 307
  25. 2024RAFT: Adapting Language Model to Domain Specific RAGcited by 258
  26. 2024MobileLLM: Optimizing Sub-billion Parameter Language Models for On-Device Use Casescited by 216
  27. 2024RankRAG: Unifying Context Ranking with Retrieval-Augmented Generation in LLMscited by 200
  28. 2024Corrective Retrieval Augmented Generationcited by 187
  29. 2024System-1.x: Learning to Balance Fast and Slow Planning with Language Modelscited by 35
  30. 2025Tool Preferences in Agentic LLMs are Unreliablecited by 13
  31. 2024Query Routing for Homogeneous Tools: An Instantiation in the RAG Scenariocited by 10

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 3.

3 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025MemR3: Memory Retrieval via Reflective Reasoning for LLM Agents
  2. 2026MemSearch-o1: Empowering Large Language Models with Reasoning-Aligned Memory Growth in Agentic Search
  3. 2026MemoryCPT: An End-to-End Agent Memory Framework for Cost-Performance Trade-off
  4. 2026MemGym: a Long-Horizon Memory Environment for LLM Agents
  5. 2025Hierarchical Memory for High-Efficiency Long-Term Reasoning in LLM Agents
  6. 2026MemRetriever: Learning to Search, Reflect, and Retrieve from Long-Term Memory ↗
  7. 2026ContextWeaver: Selective and Dependency-Structured Memory Construction for LLM Agents
  8. 2026MemMachine: A Ground-Truth-Preserving Memory System for Personalized AI Agents