MemFlow: Intent-Driven Memory Orchestration for Small Language Model Agents
On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Agent memory systems
Abstract (arXiv)
Modern language agents must operate over long-horizon, multi-turn histories, yet deploying such agents with Small Language Models (SLMs) remains fundamentally difficult. Full-context prompting causes context overflow, flat retrieval exposes the model to noisy evidence, and open-ended agentic loops are unreliable under limited reasoning capacity. We argue that a substantial portion of SLM memory failure arises from mismatched memory operations: different query types demand categorically different retrieval strategies, evidence transformations, and context budgets that SLMs cannot reliably self-orchestrate through open-ended reasoning. We introduce MemFlow, a training-free memory orchestration framework that externalizes memory planning from the SLM. A Router Agent classifies each query by intent and dispatches it to the Memory Agent, which executes one of three specialized tiers (Profile Lookup, Targeted Retrieval, or Deep Reasoning) and assembles the resulting evidence under a dynamic, tier-aware token budget. An Answer Agent then generates a response from this compact context, and a Validator Agent optionally retries with a heavier memory tier when the response is not supported by the provided evidence. This route-then-compile design avoids tool-selection hallucination and reasoning loops while keeping the answer context compact. Evaluated on a frozen Qwen3-1.7B backbone across long-horizon memory benchmarks - LongMemEval, LoCoMo, and LongBench - MemFlow improves accuracy by nearly 2x over full-context SLM baselines. These results suggest that structured intent routing and deterministic evidence preparation can make limited-capacity models substantially more effective in resource-constrained long-horizon agents.
Key facts. Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Agent memory systems, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 49 of its 54 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 5 May 2026.
Builds on
49 of 54 references.
Closest ancestors · 6
Same direction, newest first
- 2025ENGRAM: Effective, Lightweight Memory Orchestration for Conversational Agents17 Nov
- 2025MEM1: Learning to Synergize Memory and Reasoning for Efficient Long-Horizon Agents18 Jun
- 2025MemGuide: Intent-Driven Memory Selection for Goal-Oriented Multi-Session LLM Agents26 May
- 2025Mem0: Building Production-Ready AI Agents with Scalable Long-Term Memory28 Apr
- 2025Zep: A Temporal Knowledge Graph Architecture for Agent Memory20 Jan
- 2024Evaluating Very Long-Term Conversational Memory of LLM Agents27 Feb
Other references · 43
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- 2023Lost in the Middle: How Language Models Use Long Contextscited by 3,383
- 2020Longformer: The Long-Document Transformercited by 3,362
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- 2024LongMemEval: Benchmarking Chat Assistants on Long-Term Interactive Memorycited by 656
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- 2021ColBERTv2: Effective and Efficient Retrieval via Lightweight Late Interactioncited by 464
- 2023LongLLMLingua: Accelerating and Enhancing LLMs in Long Context Scenarios via Prompt Compressioncited by 443
- 2024LLMLingua-2: Data Distillation for Efficient and Faithful Task-Agnostic Prompt Compressioncited by 343
- 2025SmolLM2: When Smol Goes Big -- Data-Centric Training of a Small Language Modelcited by 307
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Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 3.
3 papers.
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- 2025MemR3: Memory Retrieval via Reflective Reasoning for LLM Agents
- 2026MemSearch-o1: Empowering Large Language Models with Reasoning-Aligned Memory Growth in Agentic Search
- 2026MemoryCPT: An End-to-End Agent Memory Framework for Cost-Performance Trade-off
- 2026MemGym: a Long-Horizon Memory Environment for LLM Agents
- 2025Hierarchical Memory for High-Efficiency Long-Term Reasoning in LLM Agents
- 2026MemRetriever: Learning to Search, Reflect, and Retrieve from Long-Term Memory ↗
- 2026ContextWeaver: Selective and Dependency-Structured Memory Construction for LLM Agents
- 2026MemMachine: A Ground-Truth-Preserving Memory System for Personalized AI Agents