mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

S-SONDO: Self-Supervised Knowledge Distillation for General Audio Foundation Models

arXiv 2604.24933 ↗First posted 27 Apr 2026cs.AI cs.SDcited by 0

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Abstract (arXiv)

General audio foundation models have recently achieved remarkable progress, enabling strong performance across diverse tasks. However, state-of-the-art models remain extremely large, often with hundreds of millions of parameters, leading to high inference costs and limited deployability on edge devices. Knowledge distillation is a proven strategy for model compression, but prior work in audio has mostly focused on supervised settings, relying on class logits, intermediate features, or architecture-specific techniques. Such assumptions exclude models that output only embeddings, such as self-supervised or metric-learning models. We introduce S-SONDO (Self-Supervised KnOwledge DistillatioN for General AuDio FOundation Models), the first framework to distill general audio models using only their output embeddings. By avoiding the need for logits or layer-level alignment, S-SONDO is architecture-agnostic and broadly applicable to embedding-based teachers. We demonstrate its effectiveness by distilling two audio foundation models into three efficient students that are up to 61 times smaller while retaining up to 96% of teacher performance. We also provide practical insights on loss choice and clustering-based balanced data sampling. Code is available here: https://github.com/MedAliAdlouni/ssondo.

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References · 18

  1. 2015Distilling the Knowledge in a Neural Networkcited by 10,076
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  9. 2023An Enhanced Res2Net with Local and Global Feature Fusion for Speaker Verificationcited by 41
  10. 2023Knowledge Distillation on Graphs: A Surveycited by 38
  11. 2022Efficient Large-scale Audio Tagging via Transformer-to-CNN Knowledge Distillationcited by 25
  12. 2022Masked Modeling Duo: Learning Representations by Encouraging Both Networks to Model the Inputcited by 23
6 more
  1. 2022ASiT: Local-Global Audio Spectrogram vIsion Transformer for Event Classificationcited by 13
  2. 2023Audio Embeddings as Teachers for Music Classificationcited by 5
  3. 2025MATPAC++: Enhanced Masked Latent Prediction for Self-Supervised Audio Representation Learningcited by 5
  4. 2025Masked Latent Prediction and Classification for Self-Supervised Audio Representation Learningcited by 4
  5. 2022Feature-informed Embedding Space Regularization For Audio Classificationcited by 3
  6. 2025DiceHuBERT: Distilling HuBERT with a Self-Supervised Learning Objectivecited by 2

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