Bridging Reasoning and Action: Hybrid LLM-RL Framework for Efficient Cross-Domain Task-Oriented Dialogue
On the map: LLM reasoning → Reinforcement learning for reasoning
Abstract (arXiv)
Cross-domain task-oriented dialogue requires reasoning over implicit and explicit feasibility constraints while planning long-horizon, multi-turn actions. Large language models (LLMs) can infer such constraints but are unreliable over long horizons, while Reinforcement learning (RL) optimizes long-horizon behavior yet cannot recover constraints from raw dialogue. Naively coupling LLMs with RL is therefore brittle: unverified or unstructured LLM outputs can corrupt state representations and misguide policy learning. Motivated by this, we propose Verified LLM-Knowledge empowered RL (VLK-RL), a hybrid framework that makes LLM-derived constraint reasoning usable for RL. VLK-RL first elicits candidate constraints with an LLM and then verifies them via a dual-role cross-examination procedure to suppress hallucinations and cross-turn inconsistencies. The verified constraints are mapped into ontology-aligned slot-value representations, yielding a structured, constraint-aware state for RL policy optimization. Experiments across multiple benchmarks demonstrate that VLK-RL significantly improves generalization and robustness, outperforming strong single-model baselines on long-horizon tasks.
Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Reinforcement learning for reasoning, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 6 of its 28 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 25 Apr 2026.
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6 of 28 references.
References · 6
- 2023Prompt-Based Monte-Carlo Tree Search for Goal-Oriented Dialogue Policy Planningcited by 60
- 2020ConvLab-2: An Open-Source Toolkit for Building, Evaluating, and Diagnosing Dialogue Systemscited by 52
- 2023A Preliminary Evaluation of ChatGPT for Zero-shot Dialogue Understandingcited by 31
- 2025LERO: LLM-driven Evolutionary framework with Hybrid Rewards and Enhanced Observation for Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learningcited by 9
- 2024TransferTOD: A Generalizable Chinese Multi-Domain Task-Oriented Dialogue System with Transfer Capabilitiescited by 4
- 2022Graph Neural Network Policies and Imitation Learning for Multi-Domain Task-Oriented Dialoguescited by 2
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- 2025RL-PLUS: Countering Capability Boundary Collapse of LLMs in Reinforcement Learning with Hybrid-policy Optimization
- 2025Revisiting Reinforcement Learning for LLM Reasoning from A Cross-Domain Perspective
- 2025Reinforced MLLM: A Survey on RL-Based Reasoning in Multimodal Large Language Models
- 2025R-Search: Empowering LLM Reasoning with Search via Multi-Reward Reinforcement Learning
- 2026KnowRL: Boosting LLM Reasoning via Reinforcement Learning with Minimal-Sufficient Knowledge Guidance
- 2025A Survey of Reinforcement Learning for Large Reasoning Models
- 2026Rethinking RL for LLM Reasoning: It's Sparse Policy Selection, Not Capability Learning
- 2025RL of Thoughts: Navigating LLM Reasoning with Inference-time Reinforcement Learning