mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Large Language Models Decide Early and Explain Later

arXiv 2604.22266 ↗First posted 24 Apr 2026cs.CLcited by 2

On the map: LLM reasoning → Test-time compute and efficient thinking

Abstract (arXiv)

Large Language Models often achieve strong performance by generating long intermediate chain-of-thought reasoning. However, it remains unclear when a model's final answer is actually determined during generation. If the answer is already fixed at an intermediate stage, subsequent reasoning tokens may constitute post-decision explanation, increasing inference cost and latency without improving correctness. We study the evolution of predicted answers over reasoning steps using forced answer completion, which elicits the model's intermediate predictions at partial reasoning prefixes. Focusing on Qwen3-4B and averaging results across all datasets considered, we find that predicted answers change in only 32% of queries. Moreover, once the final answer switch occurs, the model generates an average of 760 additional reasoning tokens per query, accounting for a substantial fraction of the total reasoning budget. Motivated by these findings, we investigate early stopping strategies that halt generation once the answer has stabilized. We show that simple heuristics, including probe-based stopping, can reduce reasoning token usage by 500 tokens per query while incurring only a 2% drop in accuracy. Together, our results indicate that a large portion of chain-of-thought generation is redundant and can be reduced with minimal impact on performance.

Key facts. Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Test-time compute and efficient thinking, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 25 of its 26 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 24 Apr 2026.

Builds on

25 of 26 references.

Closest ancestors · 6

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2026Confidence over Time: Confidence Calibration with Temporal Logic for Large Language Model Reasoning19 Jan
  2. 2026Recurrent Confidence Chain: Temporal-Aware Uncertainty Quantification in Large Language Models19 Jan
  3. 2025Reasoning about Uncertainty: Do Reasoning Models Know When They Don't Know?22 Jun
  4. 2025Reasoning Models Better Express Their Confidence20 May
  5. 2025CoT-UQ: Improving Response-wise Uncertainty Quantification in LLMs with Chain-of-Thought24 Feb
  6. 2024Internal Consistency and Self-Feedback in Large Language Models: A Survey19 Jul

Other references · 19

  1. 2022Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 12,459
  2. 2024DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Modelscited by 9,379
  3. 2022ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Modelscited by 8,695
  4. 2022Self-Consistency Improves Chain of Thought Reasoning in Language Modelscited by 5,708
  5. 2022Large Language Models are Zero-Shot Reasonerscited by 4,374
  6. 2023Let's Verify Step by Stepcited by 3,789
  7. 2023GPQA: A Graduate-Level Google-Proof Q&A Benchmarkcited by 2,879
  8. 2022Least-to-Most Prompting Enables Complex Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 1,407
  9. 2022Solving Quantitative Reasoning Problems with Language Modelscited by 1,392
  10. 2023Measuring Faithfulness in Chain-of-Thought Reasoningcited by 703
  11. 2019Attention is not not Explanationcited by 636
  12. 2025Humanity's Last Examcited by 491
7 more
  1. 2025MathArena: Evaluating LLMs on Uncontaminated Math Competitionscited by 297
  2. 2022Can language models learn from explanations in context?cited by 249
  3. 2022MRKL Systems: A modular, neuro-symbolic architecture that combines large language models, external knowledge sources and discrete reasoningcited by 156
  4. 2024Multi-Step Reasoning with Large Language Models, a Surveycited by 143
  5. 2025Thought Anchors: Which LLM Reasoning Steps Matter?cited by 129
  6. 2024What Evidence Do Language Models Find Convincing?cited by 75
  7. 2024RepLiQA: A Question-Answering Dataset for Benchmarking LLMs on Unseen Reference Contentcited by 26

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 2.

2 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025Early Stopping Chain-of-thoughts in Large Language Models
  2. 2026Beyond the Commitment Boundary: Probing Epiphenomenal Chain-of-Thought in Large Reasoning Models
  3. 2026Stop When Reasoning Converges: Semantic-Preserving Early Exit for Reasoning Models
  4. 2026Probing the Trajectories of Reasoning Traces in Large Language Models
  5. 2026Early Stopping for Large Reasoning Models via Confidence Dynamics
  6. 2025Beyond the Last Answer: Your Reasoning Trace Uncovers More than You Think
  7. 2025Answer Convergence as a Signal for Early Stopping in Reasoning
  8. 2026Answer-Conditioned Chains of Thought Degrade Verifiable-Reasoning Distillation in Large Language Models