mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Mesh Memory Protocol: Semantic Infrastructure for Multi-Agent LLM Systems

arXiv 2604.19540 ↗First posted 21 Apr 2026cs.MA cs.AIcited by 1

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Agent memory systems

Abstract (arXiv)

Teams of LLM agents increasingly collaborate on tasks spanning days or weeks: multi-day data-generation sprints where generator, reviewer, and auditor agents coordinate in real time on overlapping batches; specialists carrying findings forward across session restarts; product decisions compounding over many review rounds. This requires agents to share, evaluate, and combine each other's cognitive state in real time across sessions. We call this cross-session agent-to-agent cognitive collaboration, distinct from parallel agent execution. To enable it, three problems must be solved together. (P1) Each agent decides field by field what to accept from peers, not accept or reject whole messages. (P2) Every claim is traceable to source, so returning claims are recognised as echoes of the receiver's own prior thinking. (P3) Memory that survives session restarts is relevant because of how it was stored, not how it is retrieved. These are protocol-level properties at the semantic layer of agent communication, distinct from tool-access and task-delegation protocols at lower layers. We call this missing protocol layer "semantic infrastructure," and the Mesh Memory Protocol (MMP) specifies it. Four composable primitives work together: CAT7, a fixed seven-field schema for every Cognitive Memory Block (CMB); SVAF, which evaluates each field against the receiver's role-indexed anchors and realises P1; inter-agent lineage, carried as parents and ancestors of content-hash keys and realising P2; and remix, which stores only the receiver's own role-evaluated understanding of each accepted CMB, never the raw peer signal, realising P3. MMP is specified, shipped, and running in production across three reference deployments, where each session runs an autonomous agent as a mesh peer with its own identity and memory, collaborating with other agents across the network for collective intelligence.

Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Agent memory systems, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 25 of its 33 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 21 Apr 2026.

Builds on

25 of 33 references.

Closest ancestors · 6

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2026Multi-Agent Memory from a Computer Architecture Perspective: Visions and Challenges Ahead9 Mar
  2. 2026Memory for Autonomous LLM Agents:Mechanisms, Evaluation, and Emerging Frontiers8 Mar
  3. 2025Memory in the Age of AI Agents15 Dec
  4. 2025Collaborative Memory: Multi-User Memory Sharing in LLM Agents with Dynamic Access Control23 May
  5. 2025Mem0: Building Production-Ready AI Agents with Scalable Long-Term Memory28 Apr
  6. 2025A-MEM: Agentic Memory for LLM Agents17 Feb

Other references · 19

  1. 2020Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Taskscited by 9,297
  2. 2023Reflexion: Language Agents with Verbal Reinforcement Learningcited by 4,276
  3. 2023Generative Agents: Interactive Simulacra of Human Behaviorcited by 3,568
  4. 2023Voyager: An Open-Ended Embodied Agent with Large Language Modelscited by 2,191
  5. 2023AutoGen: Enabling Next-Gen LLM Applications via Multi-Agent Conversationcited by 1,988
  6. 2023MetaGPT: Meta Programming for A Multi-Agent Collaborative Frameworkcited by 1,808
  7. 2023Improving Factuality and Reasoning in Language Models through Multiagent Debatecited by 1,784
  8. 2023MemGPT: Towards LLMs as Operating Systemscited by 1,389
  9. 2023Encouraging Divergent Thinking in Large Language Models through Multi-Agent Debatecited by 1,011
  10. 2025Why Do Multi-Agent LLM Systems Fail?cited by 604
  11. 2023Cognitive Architectures for Language Agentscited by 429
  12. 2024Agent Workflow Memorycited by 383
7 more
  1. 2025A survey of agent interoperability protocols: Model Context Protocol (MCP), Agent Communication Protocol (ACP), Agent-to-Agent Protocol (A2A), and Agent Network Protocol (ANP)cited by 101
  2. 2021Closed-form Continuous-time Neural Modelscited by 65
  3. 2026Dive into Claude Code: The Design Space of Today's and Future AI Agent Systemscited by 38
  4. 2026Gaia2: Benchmarking LLM Agents on Dynamic and Asynchronous Environmentscited by 33
  5. 2025Emergent Coordination in Multi-Agent Language Modelscited by 23
  6. 2026Symbolic-Vector Attention Fusion for Collective Intelligencecited by 3
  7. 2026MeloTune: On-Device Arousal Learning and Peer-to-Peer Mood Coupling for Proactive Music Curationcited by 1

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 1.

1 paper.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025G-Memory: Tracing Hierarchical Memory for Multi-Agent Systems
  2. 2026Agent Memory: Characterization and System Implications of Stateful Long-Horizon Workloads
  3. 2025Intrinsic Memory Agents: Heterogeneous Multi-Agent LLM Systems through Structured Contextual Memory
  4. 2026Beyond Memory: A Templated Substrate for Heterogeneous Collaborative Knowledge Work with LLM Agents
  5. 2026MemGym: a Long-Horizon Memory Environment for LLM Agents
  6. 2026Externalization in LLM Agents: A Unified Review of Memory, Skills, Protocols and Harness Engineering
  7. 2026Memory in the LLM Era: Modular Architectures and Strategies in a Unified Framework
  8. 2026Evaluating Memory Structure in LLM Agents