mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

An Extensive Evaluation of PDDL Capabilities in off-the-shelf LLMs

arXiv 2502.20175 ↗First posted 27 Feb 2025cs.AI cs.CLcited by 2

On the map: LLM reasoning → Reasoning for agents, planning and code

Abstract (arXiv)

In recent advancements, large language models (LLMs) have exhibited proficiency in code generation and chain-of-thought reasoning, laying the groundwork for tackling automatic formal planning tasks. This study evaluates the potential of LLMs to understand and generate Planning Domain Definition Language (PDDL), an essential representation in artificial intelligence planning. We conduct an extensive analysis across 20 distinct models spanning 7 major LLM families, both commercial and open-source. Our comprehensive evaluation sheds light on the zero-shot LLM capabilities of parsing, generating, and reasoning with PDDL. Our findings indicate that while some models demonstrate notable effectiveness in handling PDDL, others pose limitations in more complex scenarios requiring nuanced planning knowledge. These results highlight the promise and current limitations of LLMs in formal planning tasks, offering insights into their application and guiding future efforts in AI-driven planning paradigms.

Key facts. Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Reasoning for agents, planning and code, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 14 of its 34 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 27 Feb 2025.

Builds on

14 of 34 references.

Closest ancestors · 2

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2023Reasoning with Language Model is Planning with World Model24 May
  2. 2022PlanBench: An Extensible Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models on Planning and Reasoning about Change21 Jun

Other references · 12

  1. 2021Pre-train, Prompt, and Predict: A Systematic Survey of Prompting Methods in Natural Language Processingcited by 2,222
  2. 2024GSM-Symbolic: Understanding the Limitations of Mathematical Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 533
  3. 2023LLM+P: Empowering Large Language Models with Optimal Planning Proficiencycited by 496
  4. 2024Understanding the planning of LLM agents: A surveycited by 414
  5. 2023Generalized Planning in PDDL Domains with Pretrained Large Language Modelscited by 139
  6. 2023RoboVQA: Multimodal Long-Horizon Reasoning for Roboticscited by 116
  7. 2022Out of the BLEU: how should we assess quality of the Code Generation models?cited by 65
  8. 2020PDDLGym: Gym Environments from PDDL Problemscited by 45
  9. 2024Planetarium: A Rigorous Benchmark for Translating Text to Structured Planning Languagescited by 32
  10. 2024PDDLEGO: Iterative Planning in Textual Environmentscited by 14
  11. 2024A Backbone for Long-Horizon Robot Task Understandingcited by 4
  12. 2024From An LLM Swarm To A PDDL-Empowered HIVE: Planning Self-Executed Instructions In A Multi-Modal Junglecited by 4

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 2.

2 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2026PDDLCoder: Agentic PDDL Generation for LLM-Assisted Symbolic Planning
  2. 2025Generating Symbolic World Models via Test-time Scaling of Large Language Models
  3. 2026Language Models as Higher-Order Planning Formalizers
  4. 2023Leveraging Pre-trained Large Language Models to Construct and Utilize World Models for Model-based Task Planning
  5. 2024NL2Plan: Robust LLM-Driven Planning from Minimal Text Descriptions
  6. 2024Leveraging Environment Interaction for Automated PDDL Translation and Planning with Large Language Models
  7. 2025Language Model as Planner and Formalizer under Constraints
  8. 2025Language Models For Generalised PDDL Planning: Synthesising Sound and Programmatic Policies