mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Same Verdict, Different Reasons: LLM-as-a-Judge and Clinician Disagreement on Medical Chatbot Completeness

arXiv 2604.16383 ↗First posted 26 Mar 2026cs.CY cs.AIcited by 4

On the map: LLM reasoning → Clinical and biomedical applications

Abstract (arXiv)

LLM-as-a-Judge frameworks are increasingly trusted to automate evaluation in place of human experts, yet their reliability in high-stakes medical contexts remains unproven. We stress-test this assumption for detecting incomplete patient-facing medical responses, evaluating three rubric granularities (General-Likert, Analytical-Rubric, Dynamic-Checklist) and three backbone models across two clinician-annotated datasets, including HealthBench, the largest publicly available benchmark for medical response evaluation. LLM Judges discriminate complete from incomplete responses at and slightly above near chance (AUC 0.49--0.66); at the threshold required to recall 90% of incomplete responses, clinicians must still review the vast majority of the dataset, offering no triage utility. Even when model and clinician verdicts agree, they rarely cite the same explanation; and when they diverge, false positives stem from over-flagging non-essential gaps while false negatives reflect outright detection failures. These results reveal that LLM Judges and clinicians apply fundamentally different completeness standards; a finding that undermines their use as autonomous evaluators or triage filters in clinical settings.

Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Clinical and biomedical applications, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 9 of its 33 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 26 Mar 2026.

Builds on

9 of 33 references.

Closest ancestors · 1

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2025Capabilities of GPT-5 on Multimodal Medical Reasoning11 Aug

Other references · 8

  1. 2024The Llama 3 Herd of Modelscited by 14,715
  2. 2019Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networkscited by 9,170
  3. 2023Efficient Memory Management for Large Language Model Serving with PagedAttentioncited by 5,944
  4. 2025OpenAI GPT-5 System Cardcited by 989
  5. 2025HealthBench: Evaluating Large Language Models Towards Improved Human Healthcited by 429
  6. 2024MEDIC: Comprehensive Evaluation of Leading Indicators for LLM Safety and Utility in Clinical Applicationscited by 25
  7. 2024Towards Leveraging Large Language Models for Automated Medical Q&A Evaluationcited by 14
  8. 2025MedScore: Generalizable Factuality Evaluation of Free-Form Medical Answers by Domain-adapted Claim Decomposition and Verificationcited by 5

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 4.

4 papers.

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Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025Demo: Statistically Significant Results On Biases and Errors of LLMs Do Not Guarantee Generalizable Results
  2. 2026LLM-as-a-Judge in Healthcare: A Scoping Analysis of Applications, Methods, and Human Alignment
  3. 2026Measuring Epistemic Resilience of LLMs Under Misleading Medical Context
  4. 2026Towards Reliable Medical LLMs: Benchmarking and Enhancing Confidence Estimation of Large Language Models in Medical Consultation
  5. 2025LLAMADRS: Evaluating Open-Source LLMs on Real Clinical Interviews--To Reason or Not to Reason?
  6. 2026CLEAR: Revealing How Noise and Ambiguity Degrade Reliability in LLMs for Medicine
  7. 2025GAPS: A Clinically Grounded, Automated Benchmark for Evaluating AI Clinicians
  8. 2026A Proposed Rubric for Evaluating Expressed Clinical Reasoning in Large Language Model Responses