Same Verdict, Different Reasons: LLM-as-a-Judge and Clinician Disagreement on Medical Chatbot Completeness
On the map: LLM reasoning → Clinical and biomedical applications
Abstract (arXiv)
LLM-as-a-Judge frameworks are increasingly trusted to automate evaluation in place of human experts, yet their reliability in high-stakes medical contexts remains unproven. We stress-test this assumption for detecting incomplete patient-facing medical responses, evaluating three rubric granularities (General-Likert, Analytical-Rubric, Dynamic-Checklist) and three backbone models across two clinician-annotated datasets, including HealthBench, the largest publicly available benchmark for medical response evaluation. LLM Judges discriminate complete from incomplete responses at and slightly above near chance (AUC 0.49--0.66); at the threshold required to recall 90% of incomplete responses, clinicians must still review the vast majority of the dataset, offering no triage utility. Even when model and clinician verdicts agree, they rarely cite the same explanation; and when they diverge, false positives stem from over-flagging non-essential gaps while false negatives reflect outright detection failures. These results reveal that LLM Judges and clinicians apply fundamentally different completeness standards; a finding that undermines their use as autonomous evaluators or triage filters in clinical settings.
Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Clinical and biomedical applications, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 9 of its 33 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 26 Mar 2026.
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9 of 33 references.
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Other references · 8
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- 2024MEDIC: Comprehensive Evaluation of Leading Indicators for LLM Safety and Utility in Clinical Applicationscited by 25
- 2024Towards Leveraging Large Language Models for Automated Medical Q&A Evaluationcited by 14
- 2025MedScore: Generalizable Factuality Evaluation of Free-Form Medical Answers by Domain-adapted Claim Decomposition and Verificationcited by 5
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 4.
4 papers.
- 2026The Path to Self-Evolving Clinical Systems: Scaling Medical Agents from Assistance to Autonomycited by 2
- 2026LLM Judges Verify Presence, Not Absence: Omission Blindness in AI Clinical Notes and What Recovers Itcited by 1
- 2026Analyzing and Improving Fine-grained Preference Optimization in Medical LVLMscited by 0
- 2026REMEDY: How Far Is Video Generation from Medical Education World Models?cited by 0
- 2026REMEDY: How Far Is Video Generation from Medical Education World Models?26 Sep 2026
- 2026LLM Judges Verify Presence, Not Absence: Omission Blindness in AI Clinical Notes and What Recovers It31 Aug 2026
- 2026The Path to Self-Evolving Clinical Systems: Scaling Medical Agents from Assistance to Autonomy13 Jul 2026
- 2026Analyzing and Improving Fine-grained Preference Optimization in Medical LVLMs10 Jun 2026
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
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