mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Early Decisions Matter: Proximity Bias and Initial Trajectory Shaping in Non-Autoregressive Diffusion Language Models

arXiv 2604.10567 ↗First posted 12 Apr 2026cs.CL cs.AIcited by 4

On the map: Diffusion models → Discrete and text diffusion

Abstract (arXiv)

Diffusion-based language models (dLLMs) have emerged as a promising alternative to autoregressive language models, offering the potential for parallel token generation and bidirectional context modeling. However, harnessing this flexibility for fully non-autoregressive decoding remains an open question, particularly for reasoning and planning tasks. In this work, we investigate non-autoregressive decoding in dLLMs by systematically analyzing its inference dynamics along the temporal axis. Specifically, we uncover an inherent failure mode in confidence-based non-autoregressive generation stemming from a strong proximity bias-the tendency for the denoising order to concentrate on spatially adjacent tokens. This local dependency leads to spatial error propagation, rendering the entire trajectory critically contingent on the initial unmasking position. Leveraging this insight, we present a minimal-intervention approach that guides early token selection, employing a lightweight planner and end-of-sequence temperature annealing. We thoroughly evaluate our method on various reasoning and planning tasks and observe substantial overall improvement over existing heuristic baselines without significant computational overhead.

Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Discrete and text diffusion, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 41 of its 43 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 12 Apr 2026.

Builds on

41 of 43 references.

Closest ancestors · 20

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2025KLASS: KL-Guided Fast Inference in Masked Diffusion Models7 Nov
  2. 2025SPG: Sandwiched Policy Gradient for Masked Diffusion Language Models10 Oct
  3. 2025Fast and Fluent Diffusion Language Models via Convolutional Decoding and Rejective Fine-tuning18 Sep
  4. 2025Diffusion Language Models Know the Answer Before Decoding27 Aug
  5. 2025Dream 7B: Diffusion Large Language Models21 Aug
  6. 2025wd1: Weighted Policy Optimization for Reasoning in Diffusion Language Models7 Jul
  7. 2025Accelerated Sampling from Masked Diffusion Models via Entropy Bounded Unmasking30 May
  8. 2025Dimple: Discrete Diffusion Multimodal Large Language Model with Parallel Decoding22 May
  9. 2025dKV-Cache: The Cache for Diffusion Language Models21 May
  10. 2025Block Diffusion: Interpolating Between Autoregressive and Diffusion Language Models12 Mar
  11. 2025Large Language Diffusion Models14 Feb
  12. 2025Train for the Worst, Plan for the Best: Understanding Token Ordering in Masked Diffusions10 Feb
8 more
  1. 2025Path Planning for Masked Diffusion Model Sampling5 Feb
  2. 2024Scaling Diffusion Language Models via Adaptation from Autoregressive Models23 Oct
  3. 2024Beyond Autoregression: Discrete Diffusion for Complex Reasoning and Planning18 Oct
  4. 2024Think While You Generate: Discrete Diffusion with Planned Denoising8 Oct
  5. 2024Simple and Effective Masked Diffusion Language Models11 Jun
  6. 2024Simplified and Generalized Masked Diffusion for Discrete Data6 Jun
  7. 2024Your Absorbing Discrete Diffusion Secretly Models the Conditional Distributions of Clean Data6 Jun
  8. 2023Discrete Diffusion Modeling by Estimating the Ratios of the Data Distribution25 Oct

Other references · 21

  1. 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,199
  2. 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 20,851
  3. 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,132
  4. 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,712
  5. 2023LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Modelscited by 13,958
  6. 2021Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problemscited by 9,743
  7. 2020Score-Based Generative Modeling through Stochastic Differential Equationscited by 8,964
  8. 2024DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Modelscited by 8,851
  9. 2021Measuring Mathematical Problem Solving With the MATH Datasetcited by 5,203
  10. 2023Let's Verify Step by Stepcited by 3,598
  11. 2021Structured Denoising Diffusion Models in Discrete State-Spacescited by 1,665
  12. 2022MaskGIT: Masked Generative Image Transformercited by 1,082
9 more
  1. 2022A Continuous Time Framework for Discrete Denoising Modelscited by 437
  2. 2025Fast-dLLM: Training-free Acceleration of Diffusion LLM by Enabling KV Cache and Parallel Decodingcited by 404
  3. 2025d1: Scaling Reasoning in Diffusion Large Language Models via Reinforcement Learningcited by 178
  4. 2025dLLM-Cache: Accelerating Diffusion Large Language Models with Adaptive Cachingcited by 168
  5. 2025Steering Your Diffusion Policy with Latent Space Reinforcement Learningcited by 149
  6. 2025Accelerating Diffusion LLMs via Adaptive Parallel Decodingcited by 108
  7. 2024Informed Correctors for Discrete Diffusion Modelscited by 57
  8. 2025Accelerating Diffusion Large Language Models with SlowFast Sampling: The Three Golden Principlescited by 43
  9. 2025Rainbow Padding: Mitigating Early Termination in Instruction-Tuned Diffusion LLMscited by 10

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 4.

4 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2026Why Diffusion Language Models Struggle with Truly Parallel (Non-Autoregressive) Decoding?
  2. 2026Efficient Diffusion LLMs via Temporal-Spatial Parallel Decoding and Confidence Extrapolation
  3. 2025Reasoning in Diffusion Large Language Models is Concentrated in Dynamic Confusion Zones
  4. 2025Beyond Confidence: Adaptive and Coherent Decoding for Diffusion Language Models
  5. 2025A Survey on Diffusion Language Models
  6. 2026Who Should Lead Decoding Now? Tracking Reliable Trajectories for Ensembling Masked Diffusion Language Models
  7. 2026Reasoning with Latent Tokens in Diffusion Language Models
  8. 2025Sequential Diffusion Language Models