Domain-Adapted Retrieval for In-Context Annotation of Pedagogical Dialogue Acts

Automated annotation of pedagogical dialogue is a high-stakes task where LLMs often fail without sufficient domain grounding. We present a domain-adapted RAG pipeline for tutoring move annotation. Rather than fine-tuning the generative model, we adapt retrieval by fine-tuning a lightweight embedding model on tutoring corpora and indexing dialogues at the utterance level to retrieve labeled few-shot demonstrations. Evaluated across two real tutoring dialogue datasets (TalkMoves and Eedi) and three LLM backbones (GPT-5.2, Claude Sonnet 4.6, Qwen3-32b), our best configuration achieves Cohen's kappa of 0.526-0.580 on TalkMoves and 0.659-0.743 on Eedi, substantially outperforming no-retrieval baselines (kappa = 0.275-0.413 and 0.160-0.410). An ablation study reveals that utterance-level indexing, rather than embedding quality alone, is the primary driver of these gains, with top-1 label match rates improving from 39.7% to 62.0% on TalkMoves and 52.9% to 73.1% on Eedi under domain-adapted retrieval. Retrieval also corrects systematic label biases present in zero-shot prompting and yields the largest improvements for rare and context-dependent labels. These findings suggest that adapting the retrieval component alone is a practical and effective path toward expert-level pedagogical dialogue annotation while keeping the generative model frozen.