Thinking in Different Spaces: Domain-Specific Latent Geometry Survives Cross-Architecture Translation
On the map: LLM reasoning → Mathematical reasoning
Abstract (arXiv)
We investigate whether independently trained language models converge to geometrically compatible latent representations, and whether this compatibility can be exploited to correct model behavior at inference time without any weight updates. We learn a linear projection matrix that maps activation vectors from a large teacher model into the coordinate system of a smaller student model, then intervene on the student's residual stream during generation by substituting its internal state with the translated teacher representation. Across a fully crossed experimental matrix of 20 heterogeneous teacher-student pairings spanning mixture-of-experts, dense, code-specialized, and synthetically trained architectures, the Ridge projection consistently achieves R^2 = 0.50 on verbal reasoning and R^2 = 0.40 on mathematical reasoning, collapsing to R^2 = -0.22 under permutation control and R^2 = 0.01 under L_1 regularization. Behavioral correction rates range from 14.0% to 50.0% on TruthfulQA (mean 25.2%) and from 8.5% to 43.3% on GSM8K arithmetic reasoning (mean 25.5%), demonstrating that the method generalizes across fundamentally different reasoning domains. We report a near-zero correlation between geometric alignment quality and behavioral correction rate (r = -0.07), revealing a dissociation between representation space fidelity and output space impact. Intervention strength is architecture-specific: student models exhibit characteristic sensitivity profiles that invert across domains, with the most steerable verbal student becoming the least steerable mathematical student. Finally, a double dissociation experiment conducted across all 20 model pairings confirms without exception that projection matrices collapse catastrophically when transferred across reasoning domains (mean R^2 = -3.83 in both transfer directions), establishing domain-specific subspace geometry as a universal property of LMs.
Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Mathematical reasoning, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 14 of its 19 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 20 Mar 2026.
Builds on
14 of 19 references.
References · 14
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2 more
- 2021Similarity and Matching of Neural Network Representationscited by 78
- 2025ExpertSteer: Intervening in LLMs through Expert Knowledgecited by 4
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- 2024Beyond Lines and Circles: Unveiling the Geometric Reasoning Gap in Large Language Models
- 2026Convergence Without Understanding: When Language Models Agree on Representations but Disagree on Reasoning
- 2026Student Guides Teacher: Weak-to-Strong Inference via Spectral Orthogonal Exploration
- 2025Layer Importance for Mathematical Reasoning is Forged in Pre-Training and Invariant after Post-Training
- 2026Abstract representational geometry supports inference in large language models
- 2026Geometric Latent Reasoning Induces Shorter Generations in LLMs
- 2026SHAPE of Chain-of-Thought in Math Reasoning
- 2026Inference-Time Rethinking with Latent Thought Vectors for Math Reasoning