vla-eval: A Unified Evaluation Harness for Vision-Language-Action Models
On the map: Vision-language-action models → VLA architectures and generalization
Abstract (arXiv)
Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models are increasingly evaluated across multiple simulation benchmarks, yet adding each benchmark to an evaluation pipeline requires resolving incompatible dependencies, matching underspecified evaluation protocols, and reverse-engineering undocumented preprocessing. This burden scales with the number of models and benchmarks, making comprehensive evaluation impractical for most teams. We present vla-eval, an open-source evaluation harness that eliminates this per-benchmark cost by decoupling model inference from benchmark execution through a WebSocket+msgpack protocol with Docker-based environment isolation. Models integrate once by implementing a single predict() method; benchmarks integrate once via a four-method interface; the full cross-evaluation matrix works automatically. The framework supports 14 simulation benchmarks and six model servers. Parallel evaluation via episode sharding and batch inference achieves up to 47x wall-clock speedup, completing 2,000 LIBERO episodes in ~18 minutes. To validate the framework, we reproduce published scores across six VLA codebases and three benchmarks, documenting previously undocumented pitfalls. We additionally release a VLA leaderboard aggregating 657 published results across 17 benchmarks. Framework, evaluation configs, and all reproduction results are publicly available at https://github.com/allenai/vla-evaluation-harness and https://allenai.github.io/vla-evaluation-harness/leaderboard.
Key facts. Cited by 7 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in VLA architectures and generalization, one of 13 directions in Vision-language-action models. Builds on 22 of its 24 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 14 Mar 2026.
Builds on
22 of 24 references.
References · 22
- 2024OpenVLA: An Open-Source Vision-Language-Action Modelcited by 2,777
- 2024π0: A Vision-Language-Action Flow Model for General Robot Controlcited by 2,297
- 2025π0.5: a Vision-Language-Action Model with Open-World Generalizationcited by 1,653
- 2023LIBERO: Benchmarking Knowledge Transfer for Lifelong Robot Learningcited by 1,338
- 2025GR00T N1: An Open Foundation Model for Generalist Humanoid Robotscited by 1,167
- 2025Fine-Tuning Vision-Language-Action Models: Optimizing Speed and Successcited by 844
- 2019RLBench: The Robot Learning Benchmark & Learning Environmentcited by 669
- 2025FAST: Efficient Action Tokenization for Vision-Language-Action Modelscited by 643
- 2021CALVIN: A Benchmark for Language-Conditioned Policy Learning for Long-Horizon Robot Manipulation Taskscited by 564
- 2024Evaluating Real-World Robot Manipulation Policies in Simulationcited by 484
- 2025RoboTwin 2.0: A Scalable Data Generator and Benchmark with Strong Domain Randomization for Robust Bimanual Robotic Manipulationcited by 477
- 2024CogACT: A Foundational Vision-Language-Action Model for Synergizing Cognition and Action in Robotic Manipulationcited by 411
10 more
- 2023ManiSkill2: A Unified Benchmark for Generalizable Manipulation Skillscited by 313
- 2025X-VLA: Soft-Prompted Transformer as Scalable Cross-Embodiment Vision-Language-Action Modelcited by 285
- 2024VLABench: A Large-Scale Benchmark for Language-Conditioned Robotics Manipulation with Long-Horizon Reasoning Taskscited by 171
- 2025LIBERO-PRO: Towards Robust and Fair Evaluation of Vision-Language-Action Models Beyond Memorizationcited by 166
- 2024Kinetix: Investigating the Training of General Agents through Open-Ended Physics-Based Control Taskscited by 40
- 2026RoboMME: Benchmarking and Understanding Memory for Robotic Generalist Policiescited by 39
- 2025Memory, Benchmark & Robots: A Benchmark for Solving Complex Tasks with Reinforcement Learningcited by 34
- 2025RoboCerebra: A Large-scale Benchmark for Long-horizon Robotic Manipulation Evaluationcited by 31
- 2025Rethinking Progression of Memory State in Robotic Manipulation: An Object-Centric Perspectivecited by 20
- 2025Dexbotic: Open-Source Vision-Language-Action Toolboxcited by 12
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 7.
7 papers.
- 2026Let It Be Simple: One-Step Action Generation for Vision-Language-Action Modelscited by 3
- 2026Geometry Guided Self-Consistency for Physical AIcited by 1
- 2026LoopVLA: Learning Sufficiency in Recurrent Refinement for Vision-Language-Action Modelscited by 0
- 2026RoboSemanticBench: Diagnosing Semantic Grounding in Action Prediction for VLA Modelscited by 0
- 2026Scale Up Strategically: Learning Compositional Generalization via Bias-Aware Evaluation and Data Collection for Robotic Manipulationcited by 0
- 2026IndustrialVLA-Bench: A Traceable Multi-Axis Evaluation of Open Robot Policy Modelscited by 0
- 2026Is Success All You Need? Investigating the Impact of Input Perturbations on VLA Behaviour in Tabletop Manipulation Taskscited by 0
- 2026Is Success All You Need? Investigating the Impact of Input Perturbations on VLA Behaviour in Tabletop Manipulation Tasks1 Oct 2026
- 2026IndustrialVLA-Bench: A Traceable Multi-Axis Evaluation of Open Robot Policy Models22 Sep 2026
- 2026Scale Up Strategically: Learning Compositional Generalization via Bias-Aware Evaluation and Data Collection for Robotic Manipulation23 Jul 2026
- 2026Let It Be Simple: One-Step Action Generation for Vision-Language-Action Models4 Jun 2026
- 2026RoboSemanticBench: Diagnosing Semantic Grounding in Action Prediction for VLA Models1 Jun 2026
- 2026LoopVLA: Learning Sufficiency in Recurrent Refinement for Vision-Language-Action Models11 May 2026
- 2026Geometry Guided Self-Consistency for Physical AI9 May 2026
Similar, not cited
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- 2026VLA-REPLICA: A Low-Cost, Reproducible Benchmark for Real-World Evaluation of Vision-Language-Action Models
- 2026VLA Foundry: A Unified Framework for Training Vision-Language-Action Models
- 2026Look Before You Leap: Distilling Tree Search into Action Evaluation for Frozen VLA Models
- 2026Pre-VLA: Preemptive Runtime Verification for Reliable Vision-Language-Action and World-Model Rollouts
- 2026vla.cpp: A Unified Inference Runtime for Vision-Language-Action Models
- 2026How Fast Can I Run My VLA? Demystifying VLA Inference Performance with VLA-Perf
- 2026A Practical Recipe Towards Improving Sim-and-Real Correlation for VLA Evaluation
- 2025Benchmarking Vision, Language, & Action Models in Procedurally Generated, Open Ended Action Environments