mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

OPGAgent: An Agent for Auditable Dental Panoramic X-ray Interpretation

arXiv 2603.00462 ↗First posted 28 Feb 2026cs.CV cs.AIcited by 4

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Abstract (arXiv)

Orthopantomograms (OPGs) are the standard panoramic radiograph in dentistry, used for full-arch screening across multiple diagnostic tasks. While Vision Language Models (VLMs) now allow multi-task OPG analysis through natural language, they underperform task-specific models on most individual tasks. Agentic systems that orchestrate specialized tools offer a path to both versatility and accuracy, this approach remains unexplored in the field of dental imaging. To address this gap, we propose OPGAgent, a multi-tool agentic system for auditable OPG interpretation. OPGAgent coordinates specialized perception modules with a consensus mechanism through three components: (1) a Hierarchical Evidence Gathering module that decomposes OPG analysis into global, quadrant, and tooth-level phases with dynamically invoking tools, (2) a Specialized Toolbox encapsulating spatial, detection, utility, and expert zoos, and (3) a Consensus Subagent that resolves conflicts through anatomical constraints. We further propose OPG-Bench, a structured-report protocol based on (Location, Field, Value) triples derived from real clinical reports, which enables a comprehensive review of findings and hallucinations, extending beyond the limitations of VQA indicators. On our OPG-Bench and the public MMOral-OPG benchmark, OPGAgent outperforms current dental VLMs and medical agent frameworks across both structured-report and VQA evaluation. Code will be released upon acceptance.

Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 16 of its 27 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 28 Feb 2026.

Builds on

16 of 27 references.

References · 16

  1. 2022ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Modelscited by 8,695
  2. 2022DINO: DETR with Improved DeNoising Anchor Boxes for End-to-End Object Detectioncited by 1,319
  3. 2023LLaVA-Med: Training a Large Language-and-Vision Assistant for Biomedicine in One Daycited by 1,305
  4. 2024YOLOv9: Learning What You Want to Learn Using Programmable Gradient Informationcited by 425
  5. 2022Mask DINO: Towards A Unified Transformer-based Framework for Object Detection and Segmentationcited by 344
  6. 2023MedAgents: Large Language Models as Collaborators for Zero-shot Medical Reasoningcited by 316
  7. 2024MDAgents: An Adaptive Collaboration of LLMs for Medical Decision-Makingcited by 163
  8. 2025MedAgent-Pro: Towards Evidence-based Multi-modal Medical Diagnosis via Reasoning Agentic Workflowcited by 73
  9. 2024Detecting and Evaluating Medical Hallucinations in Large Vision Language Modelscited by 57
  10. 2024Mitigating Object Hallucination in Large Vision-Language Models via Image-Grounded Guidancecited by 46
  11. 2025Towards Better Dental AI: A Multimodal Benchmark and Instruction Dataset for Panoramic X-ray Analysiscited by 18
  12. 2023DENTEX: Dental Enumeration and Tooth Pathosis Detection Benchmark for Panoramic X-raycited by 13
4 more
  1. 2025OralGPT-Omni: A Versatile Dental Multimodal Large Language Modelcited by 11
  2. 2025DentalGPT: Incentivizing Multimodal Complex Reasoning in Dentistrycited by 6
  3. 2025MICCAI STS 2024 Challenge: Semi-Supervised Instance-Level Tooth Segmentation in Panoramic X-ray and CBCT Imagescited by 3
  4. 2025When CNNs Outperform Transformers and Mambas: Revisiting Deep Architectures for Dental Caries Segmentationcited by 2

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 4.

4 papers.

  1. 2026OralAgent: Integrating Reasoning, Tools, and Knowledge for Interactive Dental Image Analysiscited by 3
  2. 2026Dental-TriageBench: Benchmarking Multimodal Reasoning for Hierarchical Dental Triagecited by 0
  3. 2026DentAgent: Evidence-Centric Multi-Agent Coordination for Multimodal Dental Reasoningcited by 0
  4. 2026AgenTeeth: A Model-Agnostic Framework for Suppressing Hallucination in Frozen Vision-Language Models on Dental X-Rays via Tool Evidence Injectioncited by 0

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2026PanDent: Toward Comprehensive Tooth-Level Structure-Language Consistency in Dental Radiology
  2. 2026OralGPT-Plus: Learning to Use Visual Tools via Reinforcement Learning for Panoramic X-ray Analysis
  3. 2026OMNI-Dent: Towards an Accessible and Explainable AI Framework for Automated Dental Diagnosis
  4. 2025RadAgents: Multimodal Agentic Reasoning for Chest X-ray Interpretation with Radiologist-like Workflows
  5. 2025Radiologist Copilot: An Agentic Framework Orchestrating Specialized Tools for Reliable Radiology Reporting
  6. 2024CXR-Agent: Vision-language models for chest X-ray interpretation with uncertainty aware radiology reporting
  7. 2026OralMLLM-Bench: Evaluating Cognitive Capabilities of Multimodal Large Language Models in Dental Practice
  8. 2025DentVLM: A Multimodal Vision-Language Model for Comprehensive Dental Diagnosis and Enhanced Clinical Practice