mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

DentVLM: A Multimodal Vision-Language Model for Comprehensive Dental Diagnosis and Enhanced Clinical Practice

arXiv 2509.23344 ↗First posted 27 Sep 2025cs.CV cs.AIcited by 14

On the map: Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models → Medical vision-language models

Abstract (arXiv)

Diagnosing and managing oral diseases necessitate advanced visual interpretation across diverse imaging modalities and integrated information synthesis. While current AI models excel at isolated tasks, they often fall short in addressing the complex, multimodal requirements of comprehensive clinical dental practice. Here we introduce DentVLM, a multimodal vision-language model engineered for expert-level oral disease diagnosis. DentVLM was developed using a comprehensive, large-scale, bilingual dataset of 110,447 images and 2.46 million visual question-answering (VQA) pairs. The model is capable of interpreting seven 2D oral imaging modalities across 36 diagnostic tasks, significantly outperforming leading proprietary and open-source models by 19.6% higher accuracy for oral diseases and 27.9% for malocclusions. In a clinical study involving 25 dentists, evaluating 1,946 patients and encompassing 3,105 QA pairs, DentVLM surpassed the diagnostic performance of 13 junior dentists on 21 of 36 tasks and exceeded that of 12 senior dentists on 12 of 36 tasks. When integrated into a collaborative workflow, DentVLM elevated junior dentists' performance to senior levels and reduced diagnostic time for all practitioners by 15-22%. Furthermore, DentVLM exhibited promising performance across three practical utility scenarios, including home-based dental health management, hospital-based intelligent diagnosis and multi-agent collaborative interaction. These findings establish DentVLM as a robust clinical decision support tool, poised to enhance primary dental care, mitigate provider-patient imbalances, and democratize access to specialized medical expertise within the field of dentistry.

Key facts. Cited by 14 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Medical vision-language models, one of 16 directions in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models. Builds on 28 of its 66 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 27 Sep 2025.

Builds on

28 of 66 references.

Closest ancestors · 3

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2024HuatuoGPT-Vision, Towards Injecting Medical Visual Knowledge into Multimodal LLMs at Scale27 Jun
  2. 2023LLaVA-Med: Training a Large Language-and-Vision Assistant for Biomedicine in One Day1 Jun
  3. 2023ChatGPT for Shaping the Future of Dentistry: The Potential of Multi-Modal Large Language Model23 Mar

Other references · 25

  1. 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 30,186
  2. 2024The Llama 3 Herd of Modelscited by 14,715
  3. 2021LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Modelscited by 14,380
  4. 2023Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 7,869
  5. 2025DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learningcited by 6,330
  6. 2023Efficient Memory Management for Large Language Model Serving with PagedAttentioncited by 5,944
  7. 2025Qwen2.5-VL Technical Reportcited by 5,587
  8. 2024GPT-4o System Cardcited by 4,588
  9. 2024Qwen2-VL: Enhancing Vision-Language Model's Perception of the World at Any Resolutioncited by 4,234
  10. 2023Sigmoid Loss for Language Image Pre-Trainingcited by 3,109
  11. 2024LLaVA-OneVision: Easy Visual Task Transfercited by 2,719
  12. 2024Qwen2 Technical Reportcited by 2,120
13 more
  1. 2022Large Language Models Encode Clinical Knowledgecited by 1,830
  2. 2025Gemma 3 Technical Reportcited by 1,824
  3. 2024Expanding Performance Boundaries of Open-Source Multimodal Models with Model, Data, and Test-Time Scalingcited by 1,599
  4. 2024LlamaFactory: Unified Efficient Fine-Tuning of 100+ Language Modelscited by 1,464
  5. 2024DeepSeek-VL2: Mixture-of-Experts Vision-Language Models for Advanced Multimodal Understandingcited by 572
  6. 2023Patch n' Pack: NaViT, a Vision Transformer for any Aspect Ratio and Resolutioncited by 229
  7. 2021Two-Stage Mesh Deep Learning for Automated Tooth Segmentation and Landmark Localization on 3D Intraoral Scanscited by 24
  8. 2021A fully automated method for 3D individual tooth identification and segmentation in dental CBCTcited by 18
  9. 2022DArch: Dental Arch Prior-assisted 3D Tooth Instance Segmentationcited by 18
  10. 2023Diffusion-Based Hierarchical Multi-Label Object Detection to Analyze Panoramic Dental X-rayscited by 18
  11. 2020Pose-Aware Instance Segmentation Framework from Cone Beam CT Images for Tooth Segmentationcited by 10
  12. 2023TSegFormer: 3D Tooth Segmentation in Intraoral Scans with Geometry Guided Transformercited by 10
  13. 2025Towards Better Cephalometric Landmark Detection with Diffusion Data Generationcited by 2

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 4; 2026: 10.

14 papers.

Sort:

By area:

  1. 2025OralGPT-Omni: A Versatile Dental Multimodal Large Language Modelcited by 11
  2. 2025DentalGPT: Incentivizing Multimodal Complex Reasoning in Dentistrycited by 6
  3. 2026OralGPT-Plus: Learning to Use Visual Tools via Reinforcement Learning for Panoramic X-ray Analysiscited by 6
  4. 2026MM-NeuroOnco: A Multimodal Benchmark and Instruction Dataset for MRI-Based Brain Tumor Diagnosiscited by 3
  5. 2026OralAgent: Integrating Reasoning, Tools, and Knowledge for Interactive Dental Image Analysiscited by 3
  6. 2025ArchMap: Arch-Flattening and Knowledge-Guided Vision Language Model for Tooth Counting and Structured Dental Understandingcited by 2
  7. 2026The Path to Self-Evolving Clinical Systems: Scaling Medical Agents from Assistance to Autonomycited by 2
  8. 2025RedOne 2.0: Rethinking Domain-specific LLM Post-Training in Social Networking Servicescited by 1
  9. 2026IOSVLM: A 3D Vision-Language Model for Unified Dental Diagnosis from Intraoral Scanscited by 1
  10. 2026Prompt-Based Caption Generation for Single-Tooth Dental Images Using Vision-Language Modelscited by 0
  11. 2026Dental-TriageBench: Benchmarking Multimodal Reasoning for Hierarchical Dental Triagecited by 0
  12. 2026GlobalDentBench: A Multinational Benchmark for Evaluating LLM Clinical Reasoning in Dentistry with Expert Calibrationcited by 0
2 more
  1. 2026Large AI Models in Dental Healthcare: From General-Purpose Systems to Domain-Specific Foundation Modelscited by 0
  2. 2026DentAgent: Evidence-Centric Multi-Agent Coordination for Multimodal Dental Reasoningcited by 0

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025A benchmark multimodal oro-dental dataset for large vision-language models
  2. 2026OMNI-Dent: Towards an Accessible and Explainable AI Framework for Automated Dental Diagnosis
  3. 2026MetaDent: Labeling Clinical Images for Vision-Language Models in Dentistry
  4. 2026OralMLLM-Bench: Evaluating Cognitive Capabilities of Multimodal Large Language Models in Dental Practice
  5. 2025Towards Better Dental AI: A Multimodal Benchmark and Instruction Dataset for Panoramic X-ray Analysis
  6. 2026Pocket-Dentist: On-Device Dental Image Understanding via Efficient Multimodal Large Language Models
  7. 2025DeepSeek performs better than other Large Language Models in Dental Cases
  8. 2026AgenTeeth: A Model-Agnostic Framework for Suppressing Hallucination in Frozen Vision-Language Models on Dental X-Rays via Tool Evidence Injection