mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

FIRE: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Financial Intelligence and Reasoning Evaluation

arXiv 2602.22273 ↗First posted 25 Feb 2026cs.AI cs.LGcited by 5

On the map: LLM reasoning → Reasoning for agents, planning and code

Abstract (arXiv)

We introduce FIRE, a comprehensive benchmark designed to evaluate both the theoretical financial knowledge of LLMs and their ability to handle practical business scenarios. For theoretical assessment, we curate a diverse set of examination questions drawn from widely recognized financial qualification exams, enabling evaluation of LLMs deep understanding and application of financial knowledge. In addition, to assess the practical value of LLMs in real-world financial tasks, we propose a systematic evaluation matrix that categorizes complex financial domains and ensures coverage of essential subdomains and business activities. Based on this evaluation matrix, we collect 3,000 financial scenario questions, consisting of closed-form decision questions with reference answers and open-ended questions evaluated by predefined rubrics. We conduct comprehensive evaluations of state-of-the-art LLMs on the FIRE benchmark, including XuanYuan 4.0, our latest financial-domain model, as a strong in-domain baseline. These results enable a systematic analysis of the capability boundaries of current LLMs in financial applications. We publicly release the benchmark questions and evaluation code to facilitate future research.

Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Reasoning for agents, planning and code, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 19 of its 35 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 25 Feb 2026.

Builds on

19 of 35 references.

Closest ancestors · 4

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2025FinSearchComp: Towards a Realistic, Expert-Level Evaluation of Financial Search and Reasoning16 Sep
  2. 2025Agentar-Fin-R1: Enhancing Financial Intelligence through Domain Expertise, Training Efficiency, and Advanced Reasoning22 Jul
  3. 2025DianJin-R1: Evaluating and Enhancing Financial Reasoning in Large Language Models22 Apr
  4. 2025ReTool: Reinforcement Learning for Strategic Tool Use in LLMs15 Apr

Other references · 15

  1. 2025Qwen3 Technical Reportcited by 8,195
  2. 2025DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learningcited by 6,146
  3. 2024GPT-4o System Cardcited by 4,467
  4. 2025Gemini 2.5: Pushing the Frontier with Advanced Reasoning, Multimodality, Long Context, and Next Generation Agentic Capabilitiescited by 3,655
  5. 2025DAPO: An Open-Source LLM Reinforcement Learning System at Scalecited by 2,678
  6. 2025gpt-oss-120b & gpt-oss-20b Model Cardcited by 1,258
  7. 2023BloombergGPT: A Large Language Model for Financecited by 923
  8. 2025DeepSeek-V3.2: Pushing the Frontier of Open Large Language Modelscited by 755
  9. 2025Kimi K2: Open Agentic Intelligencecited by 523
  10. 2025HealthBench: Evaluating Large Language Models Towards Improved Human Healthcited by 385
  11. 2023PIXIU: A Large Language Model, Instruction Data and Evaluation Benchmark for Financecited by 217
  12. 2025LongCat-Flash Technical Reportcited by 54
3 more
  1. 2023FinEval: A Chinese Financial Domain Knowledge Evaluation Benchmark for Large Language Modelscited by 52
  2. 2025Reverse-Engineered Reasoning for Open-Ended Generationcited by 32
  3. 2024Benchmarking Large Language Models on CFLUE -- A Chinese Financial Language Understanding Evaluation Datasetcited by 23

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 5.

5 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025BizFinBench: A Business-Driven Real-World Financial Benchmark for Evaluating LLMs
  2. 2025Evaluating Large Language Models for Financial Reasoning: A CFA-Based Benchmark Study
  3. 2025XFinBench: Benchmarking LLMs in Complex Financial Problem Solving and Reasoning
  4. 2025FinEval-KR: A Financial Domain Evaluation Framework for Large Language Models' Knowledge and Reasoning
  5. 2026V-FiLLM: Verified Financial LLM Reasoning Benchmark
  6. 2025Advanced Financial Reasoning at Scale: A Comprehensive Evaluation of Large Language Models on CFA Level III
  7. 2023Beyond Classification: Financial Reasoning in State-of-the-Art Language Models
  8. 2023BizBench: A Quantitative Reasoning Benchmark for Business and Finance