mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

PatientHub: A Unified Framework for Patient Simulation

arXiv 2602.11684 ↗First posted 12 Feb 2026cs.CL cs.AI cs.HCcited by 4

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Abstract (arXiv)

As Large Language Models increasingly power role-playing applications, simulating patients has become a valuable tool for training counselors and scaling therapeutic assessment. However, prior work remains fragmented: existing approaches rely on incompatible, non-standardized profiles, prompts, and evaluation metrics, hindering reproducibility, fair comparison, and reuse. We introduce PatientHub, a unified and modular framework that standardizes the creation, simulation, and evaluation of LLM-based patients. Our framework provides 16 patient simulators, a graph-based orchestrator for multi-turn, multi-session interactions, and a configurable LLM-as-a-judge evaluator that supports multiple rubric types. Via our command-line interface, users can generate patient profiles, run simulations, and apply rubric-driven evaluation at the turn and session level. To demonstrate PatientHub's utility, we compare several supported simulators under a shared interaction protocol and showcase its extensibility by prototyping a new simulator variant with minimal additional code. By consolidating existing work into a single reproducible pipeline, our framework eliminates much of the infrastructure overhead that currently fragments this research and accelerates the development of new methods. Our code and data are publicly available via https://github.com/Sahandfer/PatientHub.

Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 28 of its 58 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 12 Feb 2026.

Builds on

28 of 58 references.

References · 28

  1. 2021Towards Emotional Support Dialog Systemscited by 294
  2. 2023SoulChat: Improving LLMs' Empathy, Listening, and Comfort Abilities through Fine-tuning with Multi-turn Empathy Conversationscited by 109
  3. 2022AugESC: Dialogue Augmentation with Large Language Models for Emotional Support Conversationcited by 79
  4. 2024Roleplay-doh: Enabling Domain-Experts to Create LLM-simulated Patients via Eliciting and Adhering to Principlescited by 72
  5. 2024A Computational Framework for Behavioral Assessment of LLM Therapistscited by 61
  6. 2024Cactus: Towards Psychological Counseling Conversations using Cognitive Behavioral Theorycited by 60
  7. 2024Automatic Interactive Evaluation for Large Language Models with State Aware Patient Simulatorcited by 36
  8. 2024Towards a Client-Centered Assessment of LLM Therapists by Client Simulationcited by 23
  9. 2024LLMs Can Simulate Standardized Patients via Agent Coevolutioncited by 22
  10. 2025AnnaAgent: Dynamic Evolution Agent System with Multi-Session Memory for Realistic Seeker Simulationcited by 21
  11. 2025Human Decision-making is Susceptible to AI-driven Manipulationcited by 19
  12. 2022Chatbots for Mental Health Support: Exploring the Impact of Emohaa on Reducing Mental Distress in Chinacited by 17
16 more
  1. 2025Consistent Client Simulation for Motivational Interviewing-based Counselingcited by 14
  2. 2025Scaffolding Empathy: Training Counselors with Simulated Patients and Utterance-level Performance Visualizationscited by 14
  3. 2025MAGI: Multi-Agent Guided Interview for Psychiatric Assessmentcited by 14
  4. 2025Can LLM-Simulated Practice and Feedback Upskill Human Counselors? A Randomized Study with 90+ Novice Counselorscited by 13
  5. 2025CAMI: A Counselor Agent Supporting Motivational Interviewing through State Inference and Topic Explorationcited by 11
  6. 2025Crisp: Cognitive Restructuring of Negative Thoughts through Multi-turn Supportive Dialoguescited by 11
  7. 2025Psi-Arena: Interactive Assessment and Optimization of LLM-based Psychological Counselors with Tripartite Feedbackcited by 10
  8. 2025Simulating Psychological Risks in Human-AI Interactions: Real-Case Informed Modeling of AI-Induced Addiction, Anorexia, Depression, Homicide, Psychosis, and Suicidecited by 10
  9. 2025PSYCHE: A Multi-faceted Patient Simulation Framework for Evaluation of Psychiatric Assessment Conversational Agentscited by 9
  10. 2025Adaptive-VP: A Framework for LLM-Based Virtual Patients that Adapts to Trainees' Dialogue to Facilitate Nurse Communication Trainingcited by 9
  11. 2025Can You Share Your Story? Modeling Clients' Metacognition and Openness for LLM Therapist Evaluationcited by 7
  12. 2025TalkDep: Clinically Grounded LLM Personas for Conversation-Centric Depression Screeningcited by 6
  13. 2025MAGneT: Coordinated Multi-Agent Generation of Synthetic Multi-Turn Mental Health Counseling Sessionscited by 6
  14. 2025Trust Modeling in Counseling Conversations: A Benchmark Studycited by 5
  15. 2025Patient-Zero: Scaling Synthetic Patient Agents to Real-World Distributions without Real Patient Datacited by 2
  16. 2025Human or LLM as Standardized Patients? A Comparative Study for Medical Educationcited by 1

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Citing papers per year: 2026: 4.

4 papers.