mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

What LLMs Think When You Don't Tell Them What to Think About?

arXiv 2602.01689 ↗First posted 2 Feb 2026cs.AI cs.LGcited by 1

On the map: LLM reasoning → Reasoning benchmarks and evaluation

Abstract (arXiv)

Characterizing the behavior of large language models (LLMs) across diverse settings is critical for reliable monitoring and AI safety. However, most existing analyses rely on topic- or task-specific prompts, which can substantially limit what can be observed. In this work, we study what LLMs generate from minimal, topic-neutral inputs and probe their near-unconstrained generative behavior. Despite the absence of explicit topics, model outputs cover a broad semantic space, and surprisingly, each model family exhibits strong and systematic topical preferences. GPT-OSS predominantly generates programming (27.1%) and mathematical content (24.6%), whereas Llama most frequently generates literary content (9.1%). DeepSeek often generates religious content, while Qwen frequently generates multiple-choice questions. Beyond topical preferences, we also observe differences in content specialization and depth: GPT-OSS often generates more technically advanced content (e.g., dynamic programming) compared with other models (e.g., basic Python). Furthermore, we find that the near-unconstrained generation often degenerates into repetitive phrases, revealing interesting behaviors unique to each model family. For instance, degenerate outputs from Llama include multiple URLs pointing to personal Facebook and Instagram accounts. We release the complete dataset of 256,000 samples from 16 LLMs, along with a reproducible codebase.

Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Reasoning benchmarks and evaluation, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 30 of its 50 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 2 Feb 2026.

Builds on

30 of 50 references.

Closest ancestors · 2

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2025Qwen3 Technical Report14 May
  2. 2024DeepSeek-V3 Technical Report27 Dec

Other references · 28

  1. 2021Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problemscited by 9,743
  2. 2024Qwen2.5 Technical Reportcited by 4,713
  3. 2023SWE-bench: Can Language Models Resolve Real-World GitHub Issues?cited by 3,193
  4. 2019The Curious Case of Neural Text Degenerationcited by 2,881
  5. 2018UMAP: Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection for Dimension Reductioncited by 2,841
  6. 2025gpt-oss-120b & gpt-oss-20b Model Cardcited by 1,258
  7. 2022Red Teaming Language Models with Language Modelscited by 983
  8. 2022Red Teaming Language Models to Reduce Harms: Methods, Scaling Behaviors, and Lessons Learnedcited by 702
  9. 2022MTEB: Massive Text Embedding Benchmarkcited by 623
  10. 2019Neural Text Generation with Unlikelihood Trainingcited by 489
  11. 2023Trustworthy LLMs: a Survey and Guideline for Evaluating Large Language Models' Alignmentcited by 394
  12. 2024Large Language Models for Data Annotation and Synthesis: A Surveycited by 201
16 more
  1. 2023The political ideology of conversational AI: Converging evidence on ChatGPT's pro-environmental, left-libertarian orientationcited by 183
  2. 2025Artificial Hivemind: The Open-Ended Homogeneity of Language Models (and Beyond)cited by 137
  3. 2025MMTEB: Massive Multilingual Text Embedding Benchmarkcited by 120
  4. 2026The Assistant Axis: Situating and Stabilizing the Default Persona of Language Modelscited by 76
  5. 2024Clio: Privacy-Preserving Insights into Real-World AI Usecited by 66
  6. 2024What's in a Name? Auditing Large Language Models for Race and Gender Biascited by 50
  7. 2025Llama-Embed-Nemotron-8B: A Universal Text Embedding Model for Multilingual and Cross-Lingual Taskscited by 46
  8. 2024Model Equality Testing: Which Model Is This API Serving?cited by 44
  9. 2025The Price of Format: Diversity Collapse in LLMscited by 43
  10. 2024Social Bias Evaluation for Large Language Models Requires Prompt Variationscited by 39
  11. 2024Generative Monoculture in Large Language Modelscited by 21
  12. 2024Hide and Seek: Fingerprinting Large Language Models with Evolutionary Learningcited by 18
  13. 2025Detecting Stylistic Fingerprints of Large Language Modelscited by 11
  14. 2025Context-Free Synthetic Data Mitigates Forgettingcited by 5
  15. 2024Evaluating Model Bias Requires Characterizing its Mistakescited by 3
  16. 2024Large Language Models as Carriers of Hidden Messagescited by 2

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Citing papers per year: 2026: 1.

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  6. 2025A Survey on Large Language Models with some Insights on their Capabilities and Limitations
  7. 2024Chatbot Arena: An Open Platform for Evaluating LLMs by Human Preference
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