mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Zenith: Scaling up Ranking Models for Billion-scale Livestreaming Recommendation

arXiv 2601.21285 ↗First posted 29 Jan 2026cs.LG cs.AIcited by 3

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

Accurately capturing feature interactions is essential in recommender systems, and recent trends show that scaling up model capacity could be a key driver for next-level predictive performance. While prior work has explored various model architectures to capture multi-granularity feature interactions, relatively little attention has been paid to efficient feature handling and scaling model capacity without incurring excessive inference latency. In this paper, we address this by presenting Zenith, a scalable and efficient ranking architecture that learns complex feature interactions with minimal runtime overhead. Zenith is designed to handle a few high-dimensional Prime Tokens with Token Fusion and Token Boost modules, which exhibits superior scaling laws compared to other state-of-the-art ranking methods, thanks to its improved token heterogeneity. Its real-world effectiveness is demonstrated by deploying the architecture to TikTok Live, a leading online livestreaming platform that attracts billions of users globally. Our A/B test shows that Zenith achieves +1.05%/-1.10% in online CTR AUC and Logloss, and realizes +9.93% gains in Quality Watch Session / User and +8.11% in Quality Watch Duration / User.

Key facts. Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 18 of its 38 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 29 Jan 2026.

Builds on

18 of 38 references.

References · 18

  1. 2020Scaling Laws for Neural Language Modelscited by 6,411
  2. 2021Switch Transformers: Scaling to Trillion Parameter Models with Simple and Efficient Sparsitycited by 3,014
  3. 2021GLaM: Efficient Scaling of Language Models with Mixture-of-Expertscited by 890
  4. 2016Wide & Deep Learning for Recommender Systemscited by 745
  5. 2021Scaling Vision with Sparse Mixture of Expertscited by 740
  6. 2017DeepFM: A Factorization-Machine based Neural Network for CTR Predictioncited by 673
  7. 2017Deep & Cross Network for Ad Click Predictionscited by 392
  8. 2019Deep Learning Recommendation Model for Personalization and Recommendation Systemscited by 327
  9. 2020DCN V2: Improved Deep & Cross Network and Practical Lessons for Web-scale Learning to Rank Systemscited by 326
  10. 2018AutoInt: Automatic Feature Interaction Learning via Self-Attentive Neural Networkscited by 319
  11. 2018xDeepFM: Combining Explicit and Implicit Feature Interactions for Recommender Systemscited by 277
  12. 2025OneRec: Unifying Retrieve and Rank with Generative Recommender and Iterative Preference Alignmentcited by 167
6 more
  1. 2022Understanding Scaling Laws for Recommendation Modelscited by 38
  2. 2024M3oE: Multi-Domain Multi-Task Mixture-of Experts Recommendation Frameworkcited by 32
  3. 2023Hiformer: Heterogeneous Feature Interactions Learning with Transformers for Recommender Systemscited by 14
  4. 2025A Survey on Generative Recommendation: Data, Model, and Taskscited by 9
  5. 2025EGA-V2: An End-to-end Generative Framework for Industrial Advertisingcited by 5
  6. 2024Facet-Aware Multi-Head Mixture-of-Experts Model for Sequential Recommendationcited by 4

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 3.

3 papers.