Do We Know What They Know We Know? Calibrating Student Trust in AI and Human Responses Through Mutual Theory of Mind
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Abstract (arXiv)
Trust and reliance are often treated as coupled constructs in human-AI interaction research, with the assumption that calibrating trust will lead to appropriate reliance. We challenge this assumption in educational contexts, where students increasingly turn to AI for learning support. Through semi-structured interviews with graduate students (N=8) comparing AI-generated and human-generated responses, we find a systematic dissociation: students exhibit high trust but low reliance on human experts due to social barriers (fear of judgment, help-seeking anxiety), while showing low trust but high reliance on AI systems due to social affordances (accessibility, anonymity, judgment-free interaction). Using Mutual Theory of Mind as an analytical lens, we demonstrate that trust is shaped by epistemic evaluations while reliance is driven by social factors -- and these may operate independently.
Key facts. Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 23 Jan 2026.
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Citing papers per year: 2026: 6.
6 papers.
- 2026Answer Bubbles: Information Exposure in AI-Mediated Searchcited by 3
- 2026Not My Truce: Personality Differences in AI-Mediated Workplace Negotiationcited by 2
- 2026How People Evaluate AI-, Expert-, and Peer-Style Financial Advicecited by 1
- 2026TUX: Measuring Human--AI Tacit Understandingcited by 0
- 2026Epistemic Trustworthiness in Generative AI: A Normative Framework for Warranted Reliance in High-Stakes Workflowscited by 0
- 2026Trustworthy FinAInce: Unpacking How AI-Mediated Financial Advice is Judgedcited by 0
- 2026Trustworthy FinAInce: Unpacking How AI-Mediated Financial Advice is Judged17 Sep 2026
- 2026How People Evaluate AI-, Expert-, and Peer-Style Financial Advice10 Aug 2026
- 2026Epistemic Trustworthiness in Generative AI: A Normative Framework for Warranted Reliance in High-Stakes Workflows6 Aug 2026
- 2026TUX: Measuring Human--AI Tacit Understanding29 May 2026
- 2026Not My Truce: Personality Differences in AI-Mediated Workplace Negotiation1 Apr 2026
- 2026Answer Bubbles: Information Exposure in AI-Mediated Search17 Mar 2026