Do explanations generalize across large reasoning models?
On the map: LLM reasoning → Reasoning benchmarks and evaluation
Abstract (arXiv)
Large reasoning models (LRMs) produce a textual chain of thought (CoT) in the process of solving a problem, which serves as a potentially powerful tool to understand the problem by surfacing a human-readable, natural-language explanation. However, it is unclear whether these explanations generalize, i.e. whether they capture general patterns about the underlying problem rather than patterns which are esoteric to the LRM. This is a crucial question in understanding or discovering new concepts, e.g. in AI for science. We study this generalization question by evaluating a specific notion of generalizability: whether explanations produced by one LRM induce the same behavior when given to other LRMs. We find that CoT explanations often exhibit this form of generalization (i.e. they increase consistency between LRMs) and that this increased generalization is correlated with human preference rankings and post-training with reinforcement learning. We further analyze the conditions under which explanations yield consistent answers and propose a straightforward, sentence-level ensembling strategy that improves consistency. Taken together, these results prescribe caution when using LRM explanations to yield new insights and outline a framework for characterizing LRM explanation generalization.
Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Reasoning benchmarks and evaluation, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 44 of its 72 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 Jan 2026.
Builds on
44 of 72 references.
Closest ancestors · 4
Same direction, newest first
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- 2024Rethinking Interpretability in the Era of Large Language Models30 Jan
Other references · 40
- 2025DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learningcited by 6,146
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- 2023Measuring Faithfulness in Chain-of-Thought Reasoningcited by 668
- 2018Explaining Explanations: An Overview of Interpretability of Machine Learningcited by 508
- 2025Reasoning Models Don't Always Say What They Thinkcited by 388
- 2025The Illusion of Thinking: Understanding the Strengths and Limitations of Reasoning Models via the Lens of Problem Complexitycited by 298
- 2018Metrics for Explainable AI: Challenges and Prospectscited by 257
- 2025Chain of Thought Monitorability: A New and Fragile Opportunity for AI Safetycited by 222
28 more
- 2025ProRL: Prolonged Reinforcement Learning Expands Reasoning Boundaries in Large Language Modelscited by 187
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- 2025Thought Anchors: Which LLM Reasoning Steps Matter?cited by 126
- 2025Harnessing Multiple Large Language Models: A Survey on LLM Ensemblecited by 86
- 2019An Evaluation of the Human-Interpretability of Explanationcited by 71
- 2017The Promise and Peril of Human Evaluation for Model Interpretabilitycited by 52
- 2025Flipping the Dialogue: Training and Evaluating User Language Modelscited by 50
- 2025Monitoring Monitorabilitycited by 47
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- 2023Benchmarking and Improving Generator-Validator Consistency of Language Modelscited by 43
- 2024LLM-TOPLA: Efficient LLM Ensemble by Maximising Diversitycited by 42
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- 2025Beyond Semantics: The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Reasonless Intermediate Tokenscited by 41
- 2025Position: Stop Anthropomorphizing Intermediate Tokens as Reasoning/Thinking Traces!cited by 36
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- 2025Recursive Self-Aggregation Unlocks Deep Thinking in Large Language Modelscited by 30
- 2024How Interpretable are Reasoning Explanations from Prompting Large Language Models?cited by 27
- 2024Deductive Closure Training of Language Models for Coherence, Accuracy, and Updatabilitycited by 22
- 2025Measuring the Faithfulness of Thinking Drafts in Large Reasoning Modelscited by 22
- 2025RLAD: Training LLMs to Discover Abstractions for Solving Reasoning Problemscited by 21
- 2025Training LLMs for EHR-Based Reasoning Tasks via Reinforcement Learningcited by 14
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- 2025A Causal Lens for Evaluating Faithfulness Metricscited by 12
- 2025Do Cognitively Interpretable Reasoning Traces Improve LLM Performance?cited by 11
- 2026Human-AI Co-design for Clinical Prediction Modelscited by 9
- 2025Interpretable Traces, Unexpected Outcomes: Investigating the Disconnect in Trace-Based Knowledge Distillationcited by 8
- 2025Causal Consistency Regularization: Training Verifiably Sensitive Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 8
- 2025Humans Perceive Wrong Narratives from AI Reasoning Textscited by 6
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 5.
5 papers.
- 2026Measuring Weak-to-Strong Legibility of Reasoning Modelscited by 5
- 2026Quantifying Faithful Confidence Expression in Large Reasoning Modelscited by 2
- 2026Beyond the Answer: Decoding the Behavior of LLMs as Scientific Reasonerscited by 1
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- 2026Reasoning that Travels: Dissecting How Chain-of-Thought Transfers Across Modelscited by 0
- 2026Quantifying Faithful Confidence Expression in Large Reasoning Models2 Jun 2026
- 2026Reasoning that Travels: Dissecting How Chain-of-Thought Transfers Across Models27 May 2026
- 2026Reasoning Models Know What's Important, and Encode It in Their Activations20 Apr 2026
- 2026Beyond the Answer: Decoding the Behavior of LLMs as Scientific Reasoners30 Mar 2026
- 2026Measuring Weak-to-Strong Legibility of Reasoning Models20 Mar 2026
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