mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Do explanations generalize across large reasoning models?

arXiv 2601.11517 ↗First posted 16 Jan 2026cs.CL cs.AIcited by 5

On the map: LLM reasoning → Reasoning benchmarks and evaluation

Abstract (arXiv)

Large reasoning models (LRMs) produce a textual chain of thought (CoT) in the process of solving a problem, which serves as a potentially powerful tool to understand the problem by surfacing a human-readable, natural-language explanation. However, it is unclear whether these explanations generalize, i.e. whether they capture general patterns about the underlying problem rather than patterns which are esoteric to the LRM. This is a crucial question in understanding or discovering new concepts, e.g. in AI for science. We study this generalization question by evaluating a specific notion of generalizability: whether explanations produced by one LRM induce the same behavior when given to other LRMs. We find that CoT explanations often exhibit this form of generalization (i.e. they increase consistency between LRMs) and that this increased generalization is correlated with human preference rankings and post-training with reinforcement learning. We further analyze the conditions under which explanations yield consistent answers and propose a straightforward, sentence-level ensembling strategy that improves consistency. Taken together, these results prescribe caution when using LRM explanations to yield new insights and outline a framework for characterizing LRM explanation generalization.

Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Reasoning benchmarks and evaluation, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 44 of its 72 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 Jan 2026.

Builds on

44 of 72 references.

Closest ancestors · 4

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2025OpenThoughts: Data Recipes for Reasoning Models4 Jun
  2. 2025Phi-4-reasoning Technical Report30 Apr
  3. 2025Are DeepSeek R1 And Other Reasoning Models More Faithful?14 Jan
  4. 2024Rethinking Interpretability in the Era of Large Language Models30 Jan

Other references · 40

  1. 2025DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learningcited by 6,146
  2. 2025DAPO: An Open-Source LLM Reinforcement Learning System at Scalecited by 2,678
  3. 2017Towards A Rigorous Science of Interpretable Machine Learningcited by 1,400
  4. 2025gpt-oss-120b & gpt-oss-20b Model Cardcited by 1,258
  5. 2023Language Models Don't Always Say What They Think: Unfaithful Explanations in Chain-of-Thought Promptingcited by 1,081
  6. 2025AlphaEvolve: A coding agent for scientific and algorithmic discoverycited by 763
  7. 2023Measuring Faithfulness in Chain-of-Thought Reasoningcited by 668
  8. 2018Explaining Explanations: An Overview of Interpretability of Machine Learningcited by 508
  9. 2025Reasoning Models Don't Always Say What They Thinkcited by 388
  10. 2025The Illusion of Thinking: Understanding the Strengths and Limitations of Reasoning Models via the Lens of Problem Complexitycited by 298
  11. 2018Metrics for Explainable AI: Challenges and Prospectscited by 257
  12. 2025Chain of Thought Monitorability: A New and Fragile Opportunity for AI Safetycited by 222
28 more
  1. 2025ProRL: Prolonged Reinforcement Learning Expands Reasoning Boundaries in Large Language Modelscited by 187
  2. 2022Instruction Induction: From Few Examples to Natural Language Task Descriptionscited by 152
  3. 2025Thought Anchors: Which LLM Reasoning Steps Matter?cited by 126
  4. 2025Harnessing Multiple Large Language Models: A Survey on LLM Ensemblecited by 86
  5. 2019An Evaluation of the Human-Interpretability of Explanationcited by 71
  6. 2017The Promise and Peril of Human Evaluation for Model Interpretabilitycited by 52
  7. 2025Flipping the Dialogue: Training and Evaluating User Language Modelscited by 50
  8. 2025Monitoring Monitorabilitycited by 47
  9. 2023Faithful Explanations of Black-box NLP Models Using LLM-generated Counterfactualscited by 44
  10. 2023Benchmarking and Improving Generator-Validator Consistency of Language Modelscited by 43
  11. 2024LLM-TOPLA: Efficient LLM Ensemble by Maximising Diversitycited by 42
  12. 2025Is Chain-of-Thought Reasoning of LLMs a Mirage? A Data Distribution Lenscited by 42
  13. 2025Beyond Semantics: The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Reasonless Intermediate Tokenscited by 41
  14. 2025Position: Stop Anthropomorphizing Intermediate Tokens as Reasoning/Thinking Traces!cited by 36
  15. 2025Language Models use Lookbacks to Track Beliefscited by 36
  16. 2025Recursive Self-Aggregation Unlocks Deep Thinking in Large Language Modelscited by 30
  17. 2024How Interpretable are Reasoning Explanations from Prompting Large Language Models?cited by 27
  18. 2024Deductive Closure Training of Language Models for Coherence, Accuracy, and Updatabilitycited by 22
  19. 2025Measuring the Faithfulness of Thinking Drafts in Large Reasoning Modelscited by 22
  20. 2025RLAD: Training LLMs to Discover Abstractions for Solving Reasoning Problemscited by 21
  21. 2025Training LLMs for EHR-Based Reasoning Tasks via Reinforcement Learningcited by 14
  22. 2025Potemkin Understanding in Large Language Modelscited by 14
  23. 2025A Causal Lens for Evaluating Faithfulness Metricscited by 12
  24. 2025Do Cognitively Interpretable Reasoning Traces Improve LLM Performance?cited by 11
  25. 2026Human-AI Co-design for Clinical Prediction Modelscited by 9
  26. 2025Interpretable Traces, Unexpected Outcomes: Investigating the Disconnect in Trace-Based Knowledge Distillationcited by 8
  27. 2025Causal Consistency Regularization: Training Verifiably Sensitive Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 8
  28. 2025Humans Perceive Wrong Narratives from AI Reasoning Textscited by 6

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 5.

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  1. 2025General Intelligence Requires Reward-based Pretraining
  2. 2026Rethinking Generalization in Reasoning SFT: A Conditional Analysis on Optimization, Data, and Model Capability
  3. 2025Large Reasoning Models are not thinking straight: on the unreliability of thinking trajectories
  4. 2025How and Why LLMs Generalize: A Fine-Grained Analysis of LLM Reasoning from Cognitive Behaviors to Low-Level Patterns
  5. 2025Large Language and Reasoning Models are Shallow Disjunctive Reasoners
  6. 2024Procedural Knowledge in Pretraining Drives Reasoning in Large Language Models
  7. 2026Not Just the Destination, But the Journey: Reasoning Traces Causally Shape Generalization Behaviors
  8. 2026Towards a Mechanistic Understanding of Large Reasoning Models: A Survey of Training, Inference, and Failures